汽车标准中发动机的十项性能测试——起动试验
<P><FONT face=宋体>起动试验</FONT></P><P><FONT face=宋体>试验目的</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>评定发动机的低温（汽油机环境温度<SPAN lang=EN-US>255 K</SPAN>、柴油机<SPAN lang=EN-US>263 K</SPAN>）、中温及热机起动性。起动性的优劣取决于启动发动机所需要的拖动时间。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体>试验条件</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>发动机所带附件按第<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>章的规定。低温起动试验时，发动机不装特殊起动附件。不与测功机相连。用仪器测量瞬态参数如转速、起动电流、进气管绝对压力等。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>低温起动试验，汽油机在<SPAN lang=EN-US>255 K</SPAN>、柴油机在<SPAN lang=EN-US>263 K</SPAN>的环境温度下进行，加足防冻液及润滑油的发动机（含变速器）、充足电的蓄电池和燃油一起置人规定的低温环境，待蓄电池电解液、防冻液及润滑油温达到规定的环境温度<SPAN lang=EN-US>±1 K</SPAN>时，即可开始低温起动试验。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>暖机起动试验前，在<SPAN lang=EN-US>40</SPAN>％～<SPAN lang=EN-US>80</SPAN>％额定转速下运转，待冷却液温度达到<SPAN lang=EN-US>361 K±5K</SPAN>后，怠速<SPAN lang=EN-US>10 s</SPAN>，停机<SPAN lang=EN-US>120 min</SPAN>，环境温度不限，即可开始中温起动。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>热机起动试验前，在<SPAN lang=EN-US>40</SPAN>％～<SPAN lang=EN-US>80</SPAN>％额定转速下运转，待冷却液温度达到<SPAN lang=EN-US>361 K±5K</SPAN>后，怠速<SPAN lang=EN-US>10s</SPAN>，停车<SPAN lang=EN-US>10 min</SPAN>，环境温度不限，即可开始热车起动。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体>试验方法</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>若系自动变速器，置于<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>停车<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>档状态（<SPAN lang=EN-US>A-P</SPAN>）；若系手动变速器，置于<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>空<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>档，且离合器先后处于接合状态（<SPAN lang=EN-US>M-O-Ⅰ</SPAN>）及分离状态（<SPAN lang=EN-US>M-O-Ⅱ</SPAN>）。在相应试验条件下，各状态分别进行低温、暖机及热机起动试验。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体>其程序如下：</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>按制造厂使用说明书的规定程序进行设置和操作。起动机通电拖动发动机，气缸内着火工作，转速升高，尽早断电，通电时间（亦称拖动、起动时间）不得超过<SPAN lang=EN-US>15 s</SPAN>，发动机能自行运转<SPAN lang=EN-US>10 s</SPAN>以上不熄火，则认为起动成功，该种试验完成。在拖动及自行运转期间不得操纵发动机。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>若起动失败，按制造厂使用说明书的规定程序再次进行设置和操作，在<SPAN lang=EN-US>3min</SPAN>内继续进行下一次起动；低温起动时需待冷却液、润滑油及电解液达到规定的环境温度，方可进行下一次起动。若<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>次起动失败，则终止该种试验。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体>测量项目及数据整理</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US>1 </SPAN>测量项目</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>起动失败次数、起动成功的拖动时间、环境温度和迸气状态。起动机和蓄电池的最低工作（即拖动时的）电压、拖动及自行运转的发动机转速、起动电流、迸气管绝对压力等与时间的关系曲线。起动前冷却液，各种润滑油及电解液的温度；汽油牌号及馏程、柴油牌号。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US>2 </SPAN>数据处理</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>发动机起动性评分。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> a</SPAN>）评语与分数（见表<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>）。</FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT face=宋体>表<SPAN lang=EN-US>5 </SPAN>分数与评语的对应关系</FONT></P>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 70%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="70%" border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">评</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">评</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">9<BR>8<BR>7<BR>6<BR>5</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">优秀</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">很好</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">好</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尚可</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及格</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>4<BR>3<BR>2<BR>1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不及格</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不大可靠</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不可靠</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">很不可靠</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> b</SPAN>）按起动质量（即起动成功的拖动时间）评分（见表<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>）。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT face=宋体>表<SPAN lang=EN-US>6 </SPAN>拖动时间与分数的关系</FONT></P>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 70%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="70%" border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 33%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="33%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">拖动时间</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> s</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="41%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低温起动评分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">环境温度：汽油机</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>255 K</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、柴油机</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>263 K</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="26%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">暖机／热机起动评分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">环境温度不限</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 33%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="33%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1<BR>2<BR>3<BR>4<BR>5<BR>6<BR>7<BR>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">9<BR>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">15<BR>15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="41%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>9<BR>9<BR>8<BR>7<BR>6<BR>5<BR>4<BR>3<BR>2<BR>1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f3f2f9; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #f3f2f9; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #f3f2f9; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f3f2f9; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="26%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>9<BR>7<BR>5<BR>3<BR>2<BR>2<BR>2<BR>2<BR>2<BR>1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> c</SPAN>） 起动失败扣分</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>一次失败扣<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>分，两次失败扣<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>分，三次失败评定为<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>分。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> d</SPAN>）发动机的起动性总分计算</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>总分等于起动成功的评分减去起动失败的扣分数。若差值小于<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>时，令总分为<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> e</SPAN>）填写起动试验结果表［见附录<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>（标准的附录）表<SPAN lang=EN-US>C1</SPAN>］。</FONT></P>
Re: 汽车标准中发动机的十项性能测试——起动试验
这是国标中关于起动试验的要求，不知道大家平时在发动机测试过程中如何对发动机起动性进行检测？相信不同企业会有不同的方法。希望大家都能够畅所欲言。
页:
[1]