物料科学% d$ T$ R, _1 ]2 j0 s
Material Science + u, ~ i2 f% H! ^! ?
物料科学定义Material Science Definition% V0 I: T0 ]* \7 [: n V
加工性能
: l4 K. C/ ]! x/ I* cMachinability8 ]1 Y0 u3 i, r+ G2 I
强度. ?; ` O8 ~3 k. j6 ]8 Z
Strength# Q2 o7 H( r) @) o
抗腐蚀及耐用 ) l& ?: N$ z7 w, {* L, \
Corrosion & resistance durability5 N9 _4 v/ u. M* r' l- g
金属特性
" a' q/ S4 H9 [2 qSpecial metallic features
$ u* D* d# r O9 Q抗敏感及环境保护 7 i2 x7 E, O$ n- f, Z
Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection
" g5 v, p. ~, a6 v4 C化学元素
2 m- B' G! Y" E3 ]& r6 q0 dChemical element- R" z; m$ x& v9 ?8 L/ r
元素的原子序数 ( z# \1 k! ~ L5 O" l" }
Atom of Elements" K4 `, D5 n3 ? n- J
原子及固体物质 3 h" v# B x4 Y- R; h
Atom and solid material
4 F1 u: c/ d( J F原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表 & W" M6 v2 \- ]9 H* m1 N0 x6 H
The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron) $ p+ [ i* o j+ M1 U& y
原子的组织图
8 ~; T( R/ z7 A, h4 g2 [3 JAtom Constitutes & V( q3 ^, X# I: q' h& T! Y
周期表4 w0 Z1 z7 V1 o! j( x% B( [% R
Periodic Table
( Y% O# ?1 D8 V1 F6 U$ f- \* U+ \# s原子键结 ! K; }) G- ^. ?0 S
Atom Bonding 4 k8 i/ F; A5 ^/ [# X# M2 D. N
金属与合金 Metal and Alloy
; O \3 ~* {: S8 S+ Q2 B* N+ S, {铁及非铁金属
3 [( A( I$ N: u+ ]8 sFerrous & Non Ferrous Metal
9 K. V5 A3 w3 @9 X! V# s! E/ q; \# r5 Q7 f金属的特性 ' b* x5 X* [) n" m: w; B
Features of Metal & P. i8 [4 Q0 q5 R+ T
晶体结构 Crystal Pattern
+ I4 y2 [. K' z2 w晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格
9 Z+ j8 p1 X( U t5 o# aCrystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell 6 p$ ^8 U$ R6 v+ Z
X线结晶分析法
# D$ g5 E8 z" b# CX – ray crystal analyics method
# r: D: G* l' F: `- d金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice R3 U" y, B( I; J* w) `' e
格子常数 Lattice constant % w1 _' }" l4 Q: f
米勒指数 Mill's Index5 k2 H" K9 C% v; `" i. o, s0 |
金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule
6 C6 ~) w1 y0 z9 h1 c$ i- `0 a固熔体 Solid solution 0 H' a: y& G+ }- T3 R0 I1 d
置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution
* D+ X5 D+ J2 z7 f; T! \# W _4 j插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution ) P7 I: f# C* B; R2 p- s0 C8 B
金属间化物 Intermetallic compound
6 z' h, i6 u( z8 J金属变态
# M+ C K" Q, _( h5 ZTransformation 3 L6 v9 {' ^! O
变态点
^5 K4 h: l; J3 [Transformation Point& ~5 Y8 J3 C% M+ `
磁性变态/ @& b8 V( ~5 o3 q6 ^. j3 v4 G
Magnetic Transformation
% S2 o$ K! t; g: K; L同素变态8 l O0 \+ W( I. X/ O. R
Allotropic Transformation. _: I5 V! K, `
合金平衡状态
# c& U) C: V% {8 ]3 AThermal Equilibrium 0 t4 ?' s, H2 W
相律0 g: S+ n {- t7 ^
Phase Rule
1 s9 Z* x% k! N' Q4 d0 z0 k自由度& k/ L9 J5 U, W0 p3 Q, N6 X4 Q
Degree of freedom
3 g/ U$ W0 z# g临界温度
1 k& a# ~4 z0 CCritical temperture
8 V# L0 H6 b Z3 X @ p( p3 K. n共晶
) [3 h" c1 b7 V2 J, z6 {Eutectic
) g5 Y6 _& Q! h5 p% ? p包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature
& e( L( ^; c! Q* B0 m8 V包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction. s/ z9 y1 g: b" R- l* v4 l! D6 |
包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy6 ] o2 ~/ e: M+ ~
亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy2 \* Y/ B- k1 }
过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy; t0 a/ g r- d2 e4 I, g& f
金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较
1 Y8 D3 l: c/ M1 d% C+ r5 {Equilibrium Comparision
6 L% m- z* h3 m; w金属塑性 Plastic Deformation
: U& ?+ \* E r3 \; Q1 J6 Z滑动面 Slip Plan
- N0 r5 S# S+ a$ P畸变 Distortion
- [0 Y* E# ` t0 [0 _% k& E' D硬化 Work Hardening7 P) X/ A3 a( d2 r/ S3 Y8 [
退火 Annealing
* M. E: z S( T# H回复柔软 Crystal Recovery/ r% d9 ^* {4 A! u; Z. o
再结晶 Recrystallization6 z) Q M# S/ N
金属材料的性能及试验 $ A& {; `$ H) N1 O7 b3 x
Properties & testing of metal
' r$ m& G$ p' B0 Q4 [化学性能
9 ~6 c5 n7 q$ r0 MChemical Properties' o$ ~2 S; T: q6 s4 W0 `
物理性能 5 R, e" b' T9 a7 s; [
Physical Properties4 D3 O- n; l1 \
颜色 0 H5 m6 G5 D( R
Colour. ~3 R* d4 t1 C, e3 @
磁性
5 q) `9 Q; }# OMagnetisum / V, J9 [# A- J7 i' H; T. a' ]3 z8 U
比电阻
4 `" T" o, f- m( h5 n4 N( ]0 MSpecific resistivity & specific resistance / q5 [; l4 y- p0 |
比重: v. Q/ x# j1 e/ k7 T' q" `
Specific gravity & specific density: r! B+ f* u8 K0 ~1 ~6 N2 ]
比热( P8 H$ l2 G* M7 R+ W( o4 J
Specific Heat3 |: s J9 a* B1 B& ~; Q
热膨胀系数
, O5 |. W( {4 r" a. x! ^5 r) R( xCoefficient of thermal expansion
/ @7 M6 z" z$ i; I" K导热度) G4 o7 Y" q% H1 U( p1 \
Heat conductivity 6 j$ |' o+ D2 r; b
机械性能 Mechanical properties
+ G1 B8 f c) o! z* S8 P8 ~屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)
3 w- D% K. u4 J) h: ?7 @4 J弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点
( W9 B% ~; ^1 v/ Belastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point ( v! `& B3 w* w' _. W' u
伸长度
* ^5 f" b6 {% V5 Y: YElongation
! e3 E: B6 u G" e+ _断面缩率0 E# u) T" {' Q; h
Reduction of area
4 x! s M: |$ K8 e金属材料的试验方法
' i Z1 O% H9 G6 S3 m: W4 SThe Method of Metal inspection
& A* c; N0 h+ i不破坏检验) S; d. x1 m0 w; D: ]/ F. f
Non – destructive inspections
: f' b5 V1 A5 U* X8 z渗透探伤法
$ }8 c4 L: ^9 u: X9 ~) Q4 I9 P) NPenetrate inspection 4 v3 @4 f# b" w, z8 w8 I
磁粉探伤法 9 z7 u$ Q: \& e2 q. U! L: N# @: L4 G
Magnetic particle inspection
+ ^& ^0 c1 \( o5 Z7 r" n" e放射线探伤法
/ u2 W+ J+ k2 n! ERadiographic inspection
1 Q' ~6 T- b, r* \超声波探伤法
' p! H+ q0 n; i* Z! S% N# |Ultrasonic inspection 2 ]4 L0 ~, Z7 H5 l$ _
显微观察法
: d4 o6 o, w' b# D& l0 ~Microscopic inspection [4 x0 X" Y9 l$ C% l: y
破坏的检验 ; C8 c/ n) J3 x( ]! D" O) c
Destructive Inspection
7 K& p9 c: I' N冲击测试
. D5 \7 I) b0 c$ J7 Q' s6 c, j: iImpact Test
+ K- y/ e/ ?3 Z4 I疲劳测试
$ H0 x0 ~" b6 R* A Y; n) {4 Y* CFatigue Test* q/ q0 _* O Q ?4 X+ r
潜变测试 Creep Test9 z9 R0 Q) o* Y+ o; f, ?3 ~
潜变强度
+ k t! j, `5 B, P- D+ U8 A7 r8 L. SCreeps Strength : x7 v+ I+ b; v J0 P4 u+ K" |
第壹潜变期
+ C( d7 C& E# i/ Q: m8 ^8 u5 LPrimary Creep
4 r3 \: ?6 q6 Z! k) ?, B: M1 D第二潜变期
" q$ D$ [' b/ G) v7 e$ s FSecondary Creep9 G9 l: f2 c0 S/ ^: r
第三潜变期
& l2 o1 ?5 r/ O* [7 TTertiary Creep1 d8 Q0 P+ u$ t- M1 r( T7 K
主要金属元素之物理性质. f( ~; j+ @; w6 A
Physical properties of major Metal Elements" ^& S+ i0 W# ]7 A9 [
工业标准及规格 – 铁及非铁金属
- `7 e( l& }8 X* `2 C0 W: S! [* |Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal
; o8 I* W2 q$ B7 }/ H/ ~% u磁力 Magnetic# ~* H# M; i$ R
简介 General
8 ~% y+ m+ V( I软磁 Soft Magnetic
- L3 @4 R3 s1 T* r5 s2 ?1 i硬磁 Hard Magnetic3 G$ f' A; R% b' f
磁场 Magnetic Field }* a, K, A( ~
磁性感应 Magnetic Induction2 h9 \: @% ?1 b+ p
透磁度 Magnetic Permeability
# @. R% E& y% @4 n; i磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)
* \/ r' ^' j, x磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生
* b" H% X( s7 e; l抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体 0 P) G/ I3 m) k0 n* ]: \
Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism : p; Q# x2 ]) c
抗磁体 Diamagnetism1 H2 k, A$ W/ ^2 I/ u
磁偶极子 Dipole( m& }+ i. h9 K' c& f
负磁力效应 Negative effect
4 ` S- @/ V( O/ e' [- V顺磁体 Paramagnetic% k; i' ~1 P# `9 q( n
正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility+ L7 y) S7 H) t, X+ S" J' s0 ?$ n
铁磁体 Ferromagnetism 5 I; V4 B: H( a# O* z# A, _
转变元素 Transition element& ]% C: d$ R0 t( E( {
交换能量 Positive energy exchange s2 _, d. w5 _1 p
外价电子 Outer valence electrons8 M3 D2 O0 |* O2 M8 L* p1 Q
化学结合 Chemical bond1 s1 m& y' i b) x5 d: i
自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization2 _0 r1 K+ @$ p/ R3 U4 Y+ l. x. a
磁畴 Magnetic domain3 U0 O7 K5 A9 T5 R! ]
相反旋转 Opposite span
8 G. k0 c: F; I S% b比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体
% W) U% v8 Y0 B! ]. ?4 ?, ~Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism - Y4 R7 l1 r/ R( U3 Q% ~
反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism ) D% H) d* W, I n' k0 E
亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism
- V5 d4 m$ p; i. R. [磁矩 magnetic moment1 P7 t( S( N, |- D3 q
净磁矩 Net magnetic moment
; C6 F* O# g8 M7 l钢铁的主要成份
0 m: t% m2 G; U) f; pThe major element of steel
$ h7 K9 R1 u6 @& ]6 A5 B" {钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类5 }% \, e- V( l
Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents2 P% R) }, M7 P$ i& D
铁相
, E% `# Z3 m- R9 y! oSteel Phases( ?" z: k: e) X8 [
钢铁的名称
# W6 z- @0 u) S# AName of steel
- i) N8 k4 ]* r' E2 T; T3 [纯铁体: k: R6 a. Y/ ~/ ~% A; L
Ferrite& }- \9 G+ B/ E
渗碳体
' O% |& E& w# z6 Y' G8 P% cCementitle
7 x8 J7 C. Z! t6 C; B3 F7 \奥氏体 Austenite9 D% i: y( v, j, ~
珠光体及共释钢 4 N% h, K! Q; ~" R" l' e5 i4 B! i: r
Pearlite &Eutectoid & ~6 r2 u$ H! `6 k {
奥氏体碳钢
# V$ z4 Y+ D4 h7 NAustenite Carbon Steel 2 ]7 J; A2 t7 m3 a
单相金属
j" W+ W& {+ U$ g9 Q$ T% o# sSingle Phase Metal % S) \5 K! g3 E5 _
共释变态
3 W9 q7 T/ |! e9 u2 H: K2 s0 P- bEutectoid Transformation
' `# w* W# M5 l3 _" m: g珠光体 Pearlite
1 |" J& l4 f8 W. W亚铁释体
* X0 L" u! m( i0 m" Z4 YHyppo-Eutectoid 2 G+ ^' C6 k$ ~( `3 D Y0 ~5 K
初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite% g+ Z: d: S+ I- }) N* G& r7 a" H
过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid , S1 M; K! q* B! z/ Q
珠光体 3 X/ O6 ^3 U; M" n
Pearlite # b4 H7 V! m- Y6 t
粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite) J+ Y& G9 \' U3 o& C1 a
中珠光体 Medium pearlite. g; W: K; k0 `& [9 l( X) X2 E
幼珠光体 Fine pearlite! o5 I4 z8 v- q; }4 U
磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation
* f5 \# h7 x) u/ n& x钢铁的制造
8 a* c) B# {1 C; w) SManufacturing of Steel - e) \- R j, T
连续铸造法 Continuous casting process7 I1 x8 Q8 |0 f* E. P
电炉 Electric furnace
. g8 y/ W; F. _6 |4 B均热炉 Soaking pit
) b8 |% c0 T0 W& u全静钢 Killed steel7 x: l: g x4 l3 i/ v
半静钢 Semi-killed steel( y5 b. [5 h( Y5 \
沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel
# Q4 w4 D# d; L) ?0 o钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart ; C0 O, ] b4 a1 ^9 C
钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧2 C, }3 t! j2 [* z( ]; x
The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel % w* G+ A0 J- f2 x4 F+ e
熔铸 Casting
8 _+ W/ F5 e8 @4 k锻造 Fogging/ S: n: M& R% W# x
挤压 Extrusion
; o( R% |6 s& ?: l4 @延轧 Rolling5 M0 i" ]5 F% ~( {1 y( U8 F
冲剪 Drawing & stamping/ I! \* |: U" J/ y! @/ P
特殊钢 Special Steel
+ M& u7 [8 J2 G$ w; b1 K简介% a1 i2 q. c* x. w8 v% ^: m5 B$ n
General
. |& ^) z, m6 d, G5 M( ]8 ^* Z: b L特殊钢以原素分类 m1 |: ^, t" \4 E% e7 S/ R7 b* ?
Classification of Special Steel according to Element ) k# ~; ~' M+ t' y; c; ]
特殊钢以用途来分类 ' c* u9 ?% }8 r! w6 U2 K9 S1 U
Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage # U* h3 v7 P" [0 L6 K) m4 M
易车(快削)不锈钢 ! d. W$ |- s9 Z: Y, Y; i$ Z8 K
Free Cutting Stainless Steel
3 U, b6 ~0 C% H# f含铅易车钢
3 \7 p3 C/ [0 l3 D3 x; |Leaded Free Cutting Steel 2 L/ v) O+ i2 U9 m
含硫易车钢
7 G8 V: Y; }7 n7 \+ ]& QSulphuric Free Cutting Steel
3 P( { X& D% X/ f7 n8 e硬化性能8 q' w% Z" T6 {
Hardenability 8 g* V+ D$ g2 A* w+ y
钢的脆性' l9 ^5 R& K! y' V
Brittleness of Steel D7 K5 C9 ]6 i- Z5 K' V2 W
低温脆性 Cold brittleness
/ u( N! n6 `$ F' f8 [& o回火脆性 Temper brittleness
l, n) a/ o7 x日工标准下的特殊钢材
0 v7 ~ d: P- Y( t+ M$ x9 BSpecail Steel according to JIS Standard
2 @1 V, n; f, p9 w% G9 e铬钢 – 日工标准 JIS G4104
' p& s( v6 j+ D1 E0 S4 D" F* gChrome steel to JIS G4104 J W! v, K( }; F0 b" N! g
铬钼钢钢材 – 日工标准 G4105 62
2 G5 H; _7 [6 u& k" z# w& u6 LChrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105
4 d9 n; e/ P0 F5 i镍铬 – 日工标准 G4102 63* t( }" k# `' w" w$ A7 A
Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102 $ Z5 ?; z: L0 d
镍铬钼钢 – 日工标准 G4103 64
* q7 O- w0 i, x2 T2 @3 Z- c/ kNickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103 1 J7 a( f6 U {2 I
高锰钢铸 – 日工标准
. r% V' R7 a# j3 ^High manganese steel to JIS standard
; P/ N+ P! b) _% X) F片及板材
: k/ y" q: |; x+ ^1 z3 xChapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate. T0 }( \# S' \ C
冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95
( C. Y8 X7 G' pCold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)3 V ~6 {7 }$ q( m" G
简介
1 X! _8 w. {, U, G$ Y( O% rGeneral
# [( X( j1 d1 k+ D3 }. T# ?美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片
2 y( i$ J* H5 A# w' }( u$ z# rCold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)
O: r) K$ k3 z2 ^! k日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释 ; A$ k' [! S/ V3 B1 H! d/ A0 ]
Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141 5 m, k7 v% |' ?2 ^9 J2 f
材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity
) [, i2 Y; X9 m) P; Y) x硬度 Hardness# m& k4 R' d$ l+ F
表面处理 Surface finish; ~$ o5 T* }$ X% T9 I9 O% q; j3 y
冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表9 b9 U) e. d) f: }
Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet
: w, d( P+ Y+ s冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法
! K$ a! d9 ~4 b. t( w/ r; [Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method
1 [ x+ q: X9 ]7 U9 D. G' R冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表9 o2 ^; Z/ w4 Y* P& j' R& a9 d; J
End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip
( p8 f6 h P/ ?' [) K硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test
5 A j* f& ~0 x2 z拉伸测试(顺纹测试)7 |& S8 J8 d8 o# N- D3 }. A
Elongation test & h! ^( H) u3 p6 `3 U& _
杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘 3个试片平均数)2 {( r) ?& I" ^+ w% E
Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)
" h. {1 R* x c3 j& ]. o曲面(假曲率) |
发表于 2008-2-21 13:22:32
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