For some mechanical design engineers, manufacturing process selection is the last thing they think about during the design process. This is a very bad way to work. The best approach is to keep manufacturing concerns in mind throughout the entire design process. This will result in a design that is easier and less costly to produce.
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对于一些机械设计工程师来说，生产工艺的选择是他们在设计过程中的最后一环，也是最后关头才考虑的东西。然而，这并不是一个正确的观念。工程师最好在整个设计过程中都充分考虑产品的实际制造环节。这将极大地降低产品生产的难度和成本。
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* W# Z3 T# {- Q, K6 j! G1 @ hThere are hundreds of manufacturing processes. You are likely to already be familiar with the most common, e.g. casting, forming, molding and machining.
1 R+ b9 N: b' Z1 _ x生产工艺多达上百种。最常见的莫过于铸造，成型，模塑和加工。
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% _; {& ]/ \# b9 |# V! TFor any given product, there will be multiple manufacturing processes that you’ll need to select from. The process you choose will depend on many factors called the process selection drivers. These process selection drivers include the following:
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对于任何给定的产品，都有多个生产工艺，你需要从中选择。你选择的工艺取决于许多因素，称为工艺选择驱动。这些驱动包括以下几个：
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产品质量、设备工具成本、时间要求、技术要求·······
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An experienced manufacturer will have a good idea of all the process selection drivers mentioned above. Depending on the product design and manufacturing considerations, a good manufacturer will be able to guide you through the selection process.
4 e2 T/ E3 p5 s7 H5 ^一个富有经验的制造商对于上述提到的驱动因素有着良好的把控。出于对产品设计和制造的考虑，一个好的制造商能够指导你进行工艺的选择。
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2 r6 E' x" i" p# d1 V+ ZFollow the simple procedure below to select the appropriate manufacturing process for a product:
你可以按照下面的简单程序来选择适当的产品生产工艺：
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STEP 1: Selection criteria步骤1：选择标准
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$ b& Y/ d9 [+ X& i" d) H6 l0 RThe first step in manufacturing process selection is to establish selection criteria based on key process selection drivers: manufacturing volumes, value of the product, part geometry, required tolerances, and required material. The material choice will be very effective in narrowing your options down. This is because many processes work exclusively with certain materials. For example injection moulding can only be used with polymers, whilst die casting can only be used with metals. Your material choice will instantly rule out a vast number of unsuitable processes.
2 P. i# }2 d( y8 o: \生产工艺选择的第一步是建立基于关键工艺选择驱动的选择标准：生产量，产品的价值，零件的几何形状，所需的公差，以及所需的材料。材料的选择将非常有效地缩小你的选择范围。这是因为许多工艺都是要求特定材料。例如，注塑成型只可与聚合物一起使用，而压铸只可与金属使用。你的材料选择将立即排除大量不合适的工艺流程。
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/ Q) }& u X: q) B- D' b1 aThe expected manufacturing volume will further narrow down your process options. For a large quantity, a manual production process like manual machining would be completely impractical. Instead you would need to consider an automated process such as molding. The geometry and tolerances required for a product will also filter out many processes that would be unable to achieve the desired accuracy.
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预期的生产量将进一步缩小您的工艺选项。对于一个生产量比较大的产品，手动的生产过程，如手动加工是完全不切实际的。相反，你需要考虑一个自动化的过程，如模塑。一个产品所需的几何和公差也将过滤掉许多无法达到所需的精度的工艺。
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, L2 o2 l3 O9 d. M4 nSTEP 2: Identify processes步骤2：工艺确认
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, P8 v* R' o! D7 R V% nAfter applying STEP 1, a smaller range of processes will be available. At this point you should ideally work with an experienced manufacturer to identify those processes that can satisfy the required quantity, material requirements, and part geometry.
在进行步骤1后，将会出现一个较小的范围。在这一点上，你应该与一个有经验的制造商再次确认这些工艺，是否可以满足所需的数量，材料要求和零件几何。
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STEP 3: Evaluate processes步骤3：工艺评估
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After identifying the potential processes for manufacturing a product, it is time to evaluate them based on less broad parameters, such as process capability, processing time, tooling and equipment cost, degree of automation available, skill required for operation, waste produced after processing, and post processing required. It is a good idea to create a decision matrix with a score or value for each of these important elements.
确认潜在的生产工艺之后，就可以用更窄的参数来评估他们，如处理能力，处理时间，模具和设备的成本，自动化程度，操作所需的技能，处理后产生的废物，和所需后处理。这时候，可以创建一个决策矩阵以得分或价值来衡量每一个重要的元素。
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STEP 4: Selection 步骤4：选择
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You should now be able to use the weighted decision matrix you created in STEP 3 to identify the best process for your application. If you carefully evaluate each element, giving extra weight to those elements that are most important, the result will be a single process that will produce the part required to the standard required for an acceptable cost of production.
您现在应该能够使用在步骤3中创建的加权决策矩阵，以确定产品的最佳工艺。如果你仔细评估每一个元素，并给予最重要的元素额外的侧重，结果将是一个单一工艺流程，符合所需标准及生产成本。
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" K3 M) y- w. jAs mentioned earlier, it is important that you work with experienced manufacturers or a manufacturing engineer to help you identify potential processes, evaluate each process effectively, and select the best process so that you and your customers will be happy with the final product.
如上所述，工艺选择的关键在于你与有经验的制造商或制造工程师协同工作，以帮助确定潜在的工艺，有效地评估每一个工艺，并选择最佳的工艺流程，制造出令您和阿您的客户都满意的最终产品。
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发表于 2016-8-30 15:41:43
