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发表于 2011-11-29 13:52:11
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以下内容来自维基百科3 d3 C' I# c7 f, y3 j; t+ s% i; m/ v
Servo (radio control)
6 U* a" K! e3 H& v7 W: W& ~From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia! m Q5 I% G7 G0 B2 Q
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. r, F4 V5 ^ a% W; z- nSmall radio control rotary servo
9 H1 u1 X6 T7 P# [2 ^5 v( hServos are small, cheap, mass-produced actuators used for radio control and small robotics.& n' y! M6 {5 } `
Most servos are rotary actuators although other types are available. Linear actuators are sometimes used, although it is more common to use a rotary actuator with a bellcrank and pushrod. Some types, originally used as sail winches for model yachts, can rotate continuously.0 d' x1 w' N9 l" E, Y
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2 Operation0 ?3 Q& A3 ^* s j. _ U+ w2 {( B
3 Connection, g1 y" ]. b! h9 V8 ^# j$ Q2 H+ O
4 See also$ y$ h& n' p9 a* U, w1 o. m
5 References: N& I; u% X j! [0 |
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A typical servo consists of a small electric motor driving a train of reduction gears. A potentiometer is connected to the output shaft. Some simple electronics provide a closed-loop servomechanism.
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The position of the output, measured by the potentiometer, is continually compared to the commanded position from the control (i.e. the radio control). Any difference gives rise to an error signal in the appropriate direction, which drives the electric motor either forwards or backwards, and moving the output shaft to the commanded position. When the servo reaches this position, the error signal reduces and then becomes zero, at which point the servo stops moving.! ?0 E4 D* I; @! c# U% B+ ~8 ^2 @
If the servo position changes from that commanded, whether this is because the command changes, or because the servo is mechanically pushed from its set position, the error signal will re-appear and cause the motor to restore the servo output shaft to the position needed.
5 j4 }5 |+ l. E1 h3 D" v- jAlmost all modern servos are proportional servos, where this commanded position can be anywhere within the range of movement. Early servos, and a precursor device called an escapement, could only move to a limited number of set positions.
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For more details on this topic, see Servo control.
$ E2 q! q6 z8 m: v8 {6 R3 VRadio control servos are connected through a standard three-wire connection: two wires for a DC power supply and one for control, carrying a PWM (pulse-width modulation) signal. Each servo has a separate connection and PWM signal from the radio control receiver.
}; w3 y8 A( ZThis signal is easily generated by simple electronics, or by microcontrollers such as the Arduino. This, together with their low-cost, has led to their wide adoption for robotics and physical computing.
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Servo control9 g, d: m8 v' e7 S
[edit]References
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