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工程图学常用词汇

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发表于 2009-6-4 16:24:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
投影 projection+ U% k( ?" w3 f& F
投影中心center of projection
# x$ c& s7 c) h, W投影面projecting plane# u6 F$ w! {2 D- N' S7 g) p, R) Y/ [
投影线projecting line  [! J# t, `; X4 a
中心投影法perspective projection
" S' L7 P! g2 _7 |& T平行投影法parallel projection! x  s7 p2 r  x: b8 ]; e2 b
斜投影oblique projection
% h8 @1 i$ J  |+ p( m8 O8 _, G正投影orthographic projection/ F3 B5 X; L# S* P$ a" j
正投影面frontal plane of projection
  i  A, I3 R& a& r' i: V侧面投影面profile plane of projection
- w6 C: i/ v3 [+ t' P7 \投影图projection drawing
- V$ _' E1 j! f/ Q6 j/ f3 p三面投影图three-plane projection drawing
% G7 a# Q8 B! ]$ d; m投影轴axis of projection+ l9 V8 `, n$ \
投影特性characteristic of projection2 \; @/ f8 M1 f; i
不变性characteristic of true, r- _$ Q' V- M5 C
积聚性characteristic of concentration
+ t+ i2 x) G7 G- d类似性characteristic of similarity
, J! T1 N% ]) ~( J  s! X视图view% \0 ^( v! o- X* p5 D
三视图three-view drawing: x, n/ {- [# l0 n
正面frontal plane
0 i1 \1 C& x/ l2 r' A( c' N正面投影frontal projection
$ W0 ]0 O7 H, |' _$ N水平面horizontal plane9 m7 w/ l' J$ C
水平投影horizontal projection- X  n/ b  q3 K( J5 G( X7 Z/ E8 y) k* |5 |
侧面profile plane# B. U5 k9 T  a7 Q7 R. Q
侧面投影profile projection
; k: u% q# e+ C4 c7 T主视图frontal view
, `1 K: {2 a' g# z. @- Y7 ]3 b俯视图top view
' U" Z. g  ]: l. ~3 l/ P/ x( {* O左视图left side view% i: P6 z+ T5 y& x6 o
立体solid' V2 M# X  G6 G( m  P# @
平面立体plane body! Z$ p* W" M2 B( s) k
曲面立体body of curved surface$ y8 X2 \0 U5 k2 X/ `! y2 d
回转面surface of revolution
- T( q% S! W# q6 _4 W( J3 T2 L棱柱prism
( L* Q2 E* u% C棱锥pyramid6 ^2 t* G7 B7 _& W) A
边side3 ~* P) o) R5 Z, J8 F/ M
顶点center vertex
- l6 e; C' s/ b. y. v7 A棱edge
' o4 Q! t) s- Z, D. f" v点point
+ g. m3 n4 Q5 \6 u, m9 L- V直线line straight line
; o8 `+ y5 A& Z+ V棱锥台truncated pyramid5 C9 |. _9 ]+ c' ]3 p9 J
frustum of pyramid
9 m$ G% |6 O1 Y6 V% l- V# B重影coincidence of projection7 z- x$ Z- e4 B# x$ ^8 z  l
积聚concentrate
. U: Q4 U( X( _, b* q. E. G变形deformation  H; a( E/ C- c
实长true length
0 J3 n: e+ t9 }* |% `7 o% B实形true shape9 f# V3 y% a! U' v
正平线frontal line# D0 J- G; L2 W' n
水平线horizontal line
; A4 O0 ?" B" q, h8 B+ n: f% Q2 y侧平线profile line+ u: L0 k0 o, r$ `8 O: p
一般位置直线oblique line: {  \: q" Z0 S1 o$ X( K* v0 f
铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line9 D9 Z1 g5 I) \1 a
正垂线horizontal--profile line
! J* C* i; z0 Y2 i: `- A侧垂线frontal-horizontal line
& t' B0 W7 U+ f: h$ J" G& [1 ^一般位置平面oblique plane
, n! ^. q) f$ c# O相交intersection
- y4 L: ^' J- L) E8 L* n平行parallel0 Q; p9 @4 E: f! p  s7 y+ @! f  g9 ?$ r
垂直perpendicular
' I4 F# S/ T; j; ?! V8 n交线intersecting line, line of intersection
* J5 S8 f3 ^8 O" A) k& }6 r交点point of intersection
* o. v4 x" G# J+ ^3 i2 x% j平行线parallel line
9 @; P/ f7 B" j6 W' J# P垂直线perpendicular line
# \8 K- @! }" e  _4 O: U. V. E交叉线skew line: D2 V" {. K' g$ m
长度length ' i7 @  V5 P0 J' S; b: ]" {2 Z
宽度width& c. Y5 r; V$ N/ O; j" n
高度height
" {, a: I; u/ x5 c3 w组合体complex
/ W# k1 B- y6 d基本几何体basic body
' G5 p% G% {9 y2 @8 `. w  N: S! z相接built-up3 M7 D  F2 p# W) g
相交inter section" G. d0 N2 Z. B5 D$ g) ?
相切tangent. l6 {5 X( }! k  N
相贯penetration
) }4 g4 h& P- V! ?支架brace2 r  H' ?( o% \) j. M
底板bottom board& s6 m: m& y; N+ D% P" t7 @
肋rib
8 J- l( o5 O- u) V+ e' \支承板bearing plate6 W3 U6 t) T  _; z! O+ X" M
轮廓线outline, contour line
6 c) W& K; B' h底图traced drawing+ p) g1 ?, g* _) Q( G7 g
截平面cutting plane
& X& G, @& g) K) Y  _9 v$ I/ m- J截交线line of section
- Z: v+ s' T4 B0 ~  m( M- x: y" v7 U二重性dual nature
7 H% q0 V3 T% {5 u/ j+ ^平面曲线plane curve
1 H- j2 g3 Y7 M: a# m& O圆弧arc1 j$ v* e3 D3 B; O5 ?' q1 V, N- I
椭圆ellipse
! \5 V3 T1 |" j7 {5 W3 F长轴major axis3 o  E. ]9 b* w
短轴minor axis) c- C: l, f% U& W
双曲线hyperbola" R( W; |+ ^8 [3 m! E* t* X
抛物线parabola
0 z# d/ G: ?2 x0 q/ ]3 C* I圆circle! \" X& Y* i4 h& p' Y& J9 W" R
圆锥顶conic apex ! N5 p8 m" Z" x" K) e- _: ]4 u
相贯体intersecting bodies! [# h  v# C' _
相贯线line of intersection. b7 ?$ |9 Q' B9 n8 w
空间曲线space curve
" i" C; G, z# E, |截平面方法cutting plane method
5 t. `9 M) n& h5 A& b. d5 W& g辅助面auxiliary surface7 C5 q. l4 J. }$ E# d
辅助平面auxiliary plane+ c6 r$ i+ F  d& P
最高点culminating point
/ E$ O9 [9 {9 L/ ]- S$ n( H尺寸Size5 O. A  X5 y8 C7 f* C
定形尺寸size dimension
$ {* i; M5 _# d0 o定位尺寸location dimension- j7 i+ Z' \- H
左视图right view* u& E1 C0 H6 Y3 ?
后视图rear view, back view
4 ?# S0 Z6 d/ ^. r7 C$ w# X仰视图bottom view9 a7 P# B: k- w8 k
辅助图auxiliary view
+ K! f7 c: @, q5 H局部视图partial view, broken view: j# b$ q, l1 M* W
斜视图oblique view# B9 L( E( x& Y, v" i
旋转视图revolved view, aligned view
8 u! D1 K7 c3 n剖视图sectional view, section
9 j2 E9 E5 [2 Z- f6 }7 L全剖视full section" n0 G, D! t) Z
半剖视half section
+ R# O: i* g) j$ b3 {+ J3 e" _局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section
3 t+ p. y& T- p' P% D斜剖视图oblique section
2 \$ O( @- g1 h/ J" W9 C! s' h! w; W旋转剖视图aligned section6 I% k! F/ l' M5 r
阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section% J4 k- {+ y% [: P8 l  N
复合剖视compound section
# x6 d) B% x3 `  d7 y5 E' o剖面图section, sectional view9 c8 p8 P; G( T. m- Z5 }
重合剖面coincide section, revolved section9 p2 Z! h0 k2 B* i2 I# `
移出剖面removed section
  ^; l, K0 u4 |' g. r- [剖面线section line
/ E* s& c' Q4 y( V. l( O$ _  E剖面符号symbols for section-lining
* K! o( v; p$ B! ~* c# q习惯画法conventional drawing
4 J* A7 V- P' Z+ i. d局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement% r9 d. g  I# e! T
零件图detail drawing, working drawing
  j. \1 V! C# r* Y  ?6 u: N+ ?- R第三角投影third angle projection
" y- c' s# c( g' T  X粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line, N  C8 ~$ H( I5 ^* T8 z
细实线continuous thin line
# @. _8 D2 K( m# F虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line5 j+ c- Q9 i/ x$ M2 ~+ \
点划线dash and dot line
1 j0 P5 ~- z1 A4 p& h2 Y双点划线double dots line9 \; f* d: i2 f) \- F
波浪线break line
+ e0 h2 v6 |( N( [9 T7 `& ~断裂线/ }  v7 s8 c; n. B
剖切平面迹线cutting plane line$ H  Q7 h5 C. h; c2 g6 y
尺寸线dimension line, \5 b9 U8 A0 S/ B+ ]  q% i
尺寸界线extension tine; B& [) G3 k* O# |* v, S. P
尺寸dimension size4 ~  q7 Q; u3 v5 U( p0 g
箭头arrowhead1 Z8 V) g- d% f* Z6 s
基准datum
! r! ]" d: {0 \) ]基准线datum line8 Z& w( O9 k6 X6 H
基准面datum plane
) D% Q2 e+ w5 W* |" k中心孔central hole
5 Q, p) I/ U9 @- ~中心距center distance0 T+ l1 G7 @& P* I5 {
轴shaft, axle
; P/ Y9 F- L, q7 _孔hole
6 ?9 C2 i7 N/ h1 @0 [; U: x/ N) c斜孔inclination' M" h8 ^4 {: A
装配图assembly drawing
3 D% y& ~# f. a( b5 q+ g性能尺寸characteristic dimension, r9 ?, q7 ?. q
大小尺寸size dimension% A# i4 Q; x( B
总体尺寸outer dimension  e! L) M9 t1 E; g* w
外形尺寸: H8 i8 V# h; c- V0 o
配合尺寸fit dimension
, ?+ V" m7 r+ @$ f4 l内圆角fillet
$ M! c# N- `/ }外圆角round
: N+ |7 B, D- z# g" M0 L' K% U尖角sharp corner/ u0 ^5 m. [( n. G. D4 v- W
倒角chamfer
9 S4 t2 s0 T" a轮缘flange of wheel
! C. F. Z- x* ]% f8 ?( q+ F缘、边、环rim% g. c& V5 R: v% I# C& ^: D
轴肩shoulder
: [$ q! _1 q; z, M, H凸台boss; m) W5 G" L* z6 p3 f/ ^7 w
凹坑concave pit
1 W* [- u) H& b: a7 H轴颈shaft neck) F$ {" L  [& Q# }8 z7 A% q; y
轮毂hub
1 c# {4 G- v9 p; |# Z2 c轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel
1 F! ?8 {  }8 q# z" z. O; I直纹滚花straight knurling s
( I+ V4 y4 h+ `! G/ r5 m网纹滚花hatching knurling
' ^) K: _/ f* |8 h7 w7 Y% S9 X键槽key-way( F2 T8 L7 Q+ ~2 q8 o( U! O) m; L# T
退刀槽escape2 |5 T8 @' w" f, h/ P* `  w
拔模斜度pattern draft! Z1 }  |% f7 @7 R
填料盒gland box
+ D1 j% ^% H5 r( Q油槽oil groove
" [% c5 [4 q6 H* h油封oil seal
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 楼主| 发表于 2009-6-4 16:25:59 | 显示全部楼层
标准件standard parts2 S: I  \* [- [1 }1 z' {
螺纹thread
0 B( h9 D! g6 y6 ]4 s/ F7 a. w外螺纹external thread
4 o1 I. E4 h0 Q' f- N' ?) @" `内螺纹internal thread- b2 Z. V4 [$ j3 K" ?1 h
大径major diameter; D! ~% P  G, d" L4 Q, X  R1 f
小径minor diameter
8 d+ C/ F( K5 i- z: O9 H3 I) X螺距pitch of thread3 ?# @$ Q, G' S2 P
牙型form of thread( Q( d" Q" ~% S2 @# ]& E' A. U
旋向direction of turning* r" c& H, h! c
右旋螺纹right-hand thread& G( s4 c: q0 ?0 O
左旋螺纹left-hand thread
" g& z0 N  f/ y5 }3 @# [# ^头数number of thread- B) A& F5 ], Y& g
导程lead4 O0 H* D; |4 u" {) K, k
粗牙coarse thread5 v, ~$ }6 }' i* }( u8 I, a
细牙fin thread
. d0 Q' P9 j( i' l$ R! ~螺栓bolt
0 \* j( [/ d( s- f螺钉screw
9 Y, t% R/ |1 j# y7 m螺柱stud
1 T3 O3 e0 D' K  q; z螺母nut
4 }9 B2 ~& R6 H, G8 W+ v" K9 Q垫片washer
3 _# ~3 d- D! T+ \8 `公差tolerance
% q# M/ z6 K% X/ l3 R" L' `公差带tolerance zone) b& X. a7 [& G) g
零线zero line
% e, n7 e, Y! Z! `5 P* h标准公差standard tolerance
& o+ e, P5 J* C/ j: N# t* Q4 V公差等级tolerance grade
+ E) _% n" _( c1 O基本偏差fundamental deviation
8 F: z' k) o, H0 k* |配合fit
: h" @0 m$ j7 L0 {间隙配合clearance fit
4 _( L: X+ i: T% T过盈interference
+ `4 p  G$ [( l过盈配合interference fit
% ?# P- Q$ ?# w7 r$ f+ }! B' f过渡配合transition fit
$ u% o" Y. S8 Y) Z& l8 M3 P基孔制hole-basic system of fits . j  h5 J) b5 m( n1 l* d
基轴制shaft-basic system of fits, V6 n" ]0 D+ r% p; E3 e6 X, ~' S
间隙clearance
6 `$ ^* I* |$ i- W1 t7 ?形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance/ x: X# B8 Z4 L5 L
直线度straightness7 z9 t! d1 X+ |/ Q3 e
平面度flatness
3 s- x: g' N7 _圆度roundness
# A4 o$ ?) @" ?/ }9 e, k圆柱度cylindricity
* A0 `# y, E% D, A; `线轮廓度profile of any line
) a. @; y2 h( ?6 [- o, ~2 u' m面轮廓度profile of any plane2 J9 O8 h9 e4 r: r" J3 h
位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances. }3 V+ m" A" g6 B
平行度 parallelism4 b- ^6 Y: D8 ~
齿轮gear
. x& y( O; g, p8 l& j- b/ t圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear( d& w7 u4 O3 d6 W7 c% t
正齿轮spur gear
2 X& A' d  l( L( [1 j5 R+ m1 g斜齿轮spiral gear
8 a: S+ G" a. R: |/ U3 _轮齿gear tooth
9 m! q: S7 S/ c# Y0 x$ @' K节圆pitch circle
  g& a- ~$ h4 n& I6 y8 [* I6 }7 w; u齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle. j8 S: u. f  s$ a4 N$ O7 I1 I
齿根圆root circle, addendum circle) c  r. Y1 b* I9 A1 Y  o1 b
模数modulus" {  h) o3 N, l, q& z$ J) i
齿数number of teeth
; Q4 q$ N- }, ^9 B8 [齿高tooth height
& K: E. X; a8 d5 U齿顶高height of addendum
- G4 Z$ T+ K  J7 x! V, P. m/ \齿根高height of addendum
3 w& u2 ?$ q* ?  v" g$ B) T, i! ~齿厚circular thickness
+ z  _5 B& n7 v) N( c/ F7 x5 P齿间tooth space
( ?; t! E5 g% G9 n3 K' W8 M; ?齿宽tooth width5 E$ i+ @8 X6 q
压力角angle of pressure! I4 R6 Q* f, |
弹簧spring8 M( J% {& T4 a2 {, }. q
销pin
" K9 N7 l2 q: O& A2 W圆柱销round pin7 K3 i+ E2 A  w
圆锥销taper pin
0 `: t7 o$ o# ]+ q2 H/ W开口销cotter pin, split
5 a& n* e( f/ l$ Q键key
" v' f1 I/ G# @6 h. M平键flat key9 D. c' p+ Q; h% L0 i- d+ R
半圆键half round key, woodruff key
1 ]6 k4 T  t8 u) b轴承bearing
2 x4 ^" U* V$ H7 q滚动轴承rolling bearing
  B# {: V  i# f$ c! ~9 @向心铀承radial bearing) m* v- `6 k* T
密封装置sealing equipment3 l0 ~1 U8 J6 ?: g
锁紧装置locking equipment5 n: s8 Z1 G% {! I0 }/ k3 n
粗糙度roughness: m! G' p2 k& q$ T- a
基本尺寸basic size5 ]& m+ P; L+ y% J- A# {5 `7 R
实际尺寸actual size, U, H. c' `, s$ u% |- V
极限尺寸limits size2 S8 x/ t: b  B1 X! k
最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size
# ?( O6 g6 o* ~( R$ t4 p0 `  W最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size0 Z) O) @: `; a7 X) q) B
偏差deviation
# T4 L) Y9 E( P, }+ L" l( J( F上偏差upper deviation$ j# [: A2 v) t( Q& c
下偏差lower deviation$ O7 ]5 [+ z7 u- X
垂直度perpendicularity- j" P1 L" n8 ~; `( h$ E$ @
倾斜度angularity
- u" J( m: J9 t. V' O9 \3 i同轴度concentricity
. d/ H/ [1 d0 |8 v: W对称度symmetry5 M. g+ J! J$ m: I6 {: M  C
位置度true position
6 F$ b; Q7 ^- s* R8 l2 z跳动run-out6 T$ F. M1 Q( r* A7 Q# g: l
圆跳动cycle run-out
* T* u3 @& _/ ]* i3 x& Z全跳动total run-out . w& E# M& ?9 I' o
轴测投影axonometric projection( e( F0 d1 b: R3 g8 R3 S: ~0 K
轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection
7 {: ]; P; d$ f6 l7 T轴测图axonometric drawing
: g7 y- m& m, @& n. {正等轴测投影isometric projection
! F1 K& p) j0 I1 d正二测bimetric projection
! l" F" d* h; c7 O; x斜二测oblique bimetric projection
/ o! v& d2 k1 p, |. ~3 ^轴测轴axonometric axis
$ }" j. J: g) F5 \0 r9 ?+ ^轴间角axis angle, angle between ales
  O# P# m7 a3 h- D缩短foreshortened
: t7 f  g8 p: k8 L, J轴向缩短率coefficient of axial
7 e- w$ k$ K  ^' ~, z' ^7 Sdeformation ratio of, l( F5 i% f# ]) d
fore shortening for any axis
; q3 ]9 y, d/ r切割法cutting method, by cutting# Q; F) u- C. V$ ^# Z3 N9 @
方箱法boxing method
+ U  a+ f5 N) _* z坐标法coordinate method
, s6 u4 j3 C# ^- J方框法enclosing-square method
; H5 z  u4 R5 _+ B& B8 a四心近似法four-center approximate method
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