投影 projection% l' u2 ]; d( m% R- a
投影中心center of projection
5 U& b1 i0 l% f# B投影面projecting plane
3 s! e n: O: C$ N6 U( g5 s$ C; d投影线projecting line; p0 B5 Z1 J P0 x" F
中心投影法perspective projection" n6 h# P4 ~% f; Z
平行投影法parallel projection9 S3 c$ O* ]1 _
斜投影oblique projection3 H; l4 L O3 E' N# T$ l# J3 \) i
正投影orthographic projection
) V ]+ }7 W Z/ y% M5 ]正投影面frontal plane of projection# _) ` n/ k' q: a+ x$ |: b
侧面投影面profile plane of projection& z* p; V7 `, q/ Y; G _8 _1 N
投影图projection drawing$ F, w/ B( t$ F: [1 J
三面投影图three-plane projection drawing; Y" R6 G2 r0 t v6 i
投影轴axis of projection. Q! ~6 v1 I$ _0 b! J: T' {
投影特性characteristic of projection% {. F+ D* W' V
不变性characteristic of true$ R6 R1 U1 p6 z m8 t
积聚性characteristic of concentration
- [/ d i6 X! B" U' i类似性characteristic of similarity9 W$ I/ G" R# G, P' Y% ?! {0 u0 k9 X
视图view7 F! \: C$ l: k1 N; Q2 B" O
三视图three-view drawing: O) Y# F' n5 ^; h
正面frontal plane* t% t; M, g9 U9 \% d
正面投影frontal projection% V# Q* T1 n$ C8 Z5 @
水平面horizontal plane
. ~" x( e* h4 B- T" L水平投影horizontal projection" A$ S! l- b5 \2 G
侧面profile plane( J/ p6 w1 u2 W2 |
侧面投影profile projection
1 h8 R0 K" O2 U* G: z9 ^主视图frontal view# O4 W& V& d* c* y/ K+ F
俯视图top view0 A$ i- M( {: e9 D
左视图left side view# ]6 E2 ?! U5 S ]4 Z
立体solid4 X$ U! `, o) v, F& \
平面立体plane body/ H+ x# E7 b6 c( Z
曲面立体body of curved surface( R1 U5 v$ V' `: t/ V% u
回转面surface of revolution8 J* _* w- F! Y- W
棱柱prism1 ]4 i5 x$ K) w0 P
棱锥pyramid
' I# }4 a/ F( t6 m5 a' Q( w边side1 z8 l2 q9 ?- ]: ]! P s( ?; B
顶点center vertex _& j. a9 N2 d/ `: t
棱edge. _0 x) z7 {* o1 {5 \
点point1 _* R2 p8 }6 d, I, I, t
直线line straight line+ N8 S) z5 F( {7 J, F* s
棱锥台truncated pyramid
$ @0 s- L/ J; `0 ?5 d3 J1 Sfrustum of pyramid
, ^1 h9 t! k7 q7 r, G5 e4 U0 p重影coincidence of projection) ^% E, A/ @% Z7 Q; Z/ W' B
积聚concentrate
, e; |1 x4 c& q1 i* R+ g q$ e变形deformation8 J p2 P9 Z5 e+ v8 c
实长true length
9 ~8 T% N# U9 G5 F" H- E/ h实形true shape9 {9 H& I! [5 L3 i/ s: v" @
正平线frontal line
8 f+ [0 G, x# B. d9 P水平线horizontal line
5 `( U- s4 a9 h) A d$ b侧平线profile line
; v8 |( i" X# W一般位置直线oblique line d; @: k& v+ _+ |
铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line8 k! a4 Y- s( o+ C
正垂线horizontal--profile line
! D, S8 s; D v" B- C* d侧垂线frontal-horizontal line
2 K6 M+ w0 q' J7 I, Y# [7 F一般位置平面oblique plane' f+ R5 D3 |0 }" H
相交intersection
! | [* x- }' [' E1 O7 `/ s1 R平行parallel
8 |8 r7 g3 V \- O垂直perpendicular) b: Y% v4 Y' Z" l8 k+ w
交线intersecting line, line of intersection0 D3 @! B' a; q7 [- c
交点point of intersection( O; n/ X( F" I& L4 S. p
平行线parallel line
8 e' |1 d% X# ]. s S+ L; n7 K垂直线perpendicular line
" d! x, C+ v. L% \; `6 A3 }- X交叉线skew line0 b. h* Z; C/ B, g! P: ]
长度length
U0 `7 q! W* w, Y+ O宽度width
* ~- @. C, L; F高度height( X# w! | H$ N* M
组合体complex
7 h% ~1 G% j2 A" R3 a基本几何体basic body
+ Z4 J& ], F: k- ]& L相接built-up+ M; m# W2 A, o Y; G$ c& o7 m
相交inter section; k8 W) l& y6 r) N6 m6 } e9 a
相切tangent
. S" S1 |1 ~2 L+ I. f相贯penetration
# c) E. i! m+ F& a& T. d3 b支架brace5 E+ R) N* {0 O& U- n. E) ?
底板bottom board
4 w3 g7 D, m: b& R' }- O肋rib, A d3 Y! {" ~; R7 C. R. V0 ^& O
支承板bearing plate( j6 p+ n2 ^) ~! M1 `+ E
轮廓线outline, contour line( L: H! [8 E7 R u# k
底图traced drawing9 Y3 M: I2 ?2 C9 x6 Y7 U$ B
截平面cutting plane
+ J8 {! u |3 S7 U" ~$ r截交线line of section- |+ o+ g4 u }5 s
二重性dual nature
4 b$ x' M: R9 r& A- b7 i平面曲线plane curve
1 R' ?6 E% [5 G' O z/ H圆弧arc
' H. @- S) E" G椭圆ellipse
# X2 n2 E3 e: W! W# q长轴major axis
2 Y! |$ ]! p6 v5 P1 N8 y短轴minor axis
' p5 R* W1 K8 m( C/ b& x双曲线hyperbola3 l) E7 U( x" a4 Y9 y l
抛物线parabola
3 r: O" ^2 v0 M8 ?' ]( ~% R圆circle. X8 w/ m9 W6 ]. X# ]/ m2 O2 O5 }
圆锥顶conic apex ; T* v4 ~. W5 P4 e9 b
相贯体intersecting bodies9 p" r2 c( ?, I
相贯线line of intersection
: x$ ~4 l$ w4 f空间曲线space curve1 ?! G! `7 U" d3 |
截平面方法cutting plane method0 ^* w: [# _6 i& L
辅助面auxiliary surface
: V$ S- x3 v+ ^; G2 P t6 Q2 H辅助平面auxiliary plane6 v$ T6 F; Q9 D/ J: a, p
最高点culminating point
6 g3 W+ J# t9 |2 ?6 t5 N尺寸Size, C$ S0 B7 K' ]7 e
定形尺寸size dimension/ y ]" A% E, K. T/ v! c
定位尺寸location dimension" C: H; j- O1 [
左视图right view! _& n7 S2 v f2 o9 d
后视图rear view, back view
5 L' z) o6 V c仰视图bottom view" m/ f8 o3 t# `( W* \& [& D5 ~
辅助图auxiliary view
) |4 N1 ^& m {局部视图partial view, broken view
( Z; k& j0 r6 O/ h. b" q斜视图oblique view
# C8 F4 X/ S# F3 R; U3 |旋转视图revolved view, aligned view) F, w+ }1 O) Q7 t6 |
剖视图sectional view, section+ }9 A4 o# p9 o6 H/ L0 m5 g
全剖视full section
( @7 k9 L Y5 u4 o0 R半剖视half section1 [0 }. f" {$ i0 i5 g. v m4 V/ p
局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section
: W/ l8 |7 D# k, I) I2 w# C斜剖视图oblique section% q( I) P4 [8 s1 W2 a
旋转剖视图aligned section
/ _/ r' [: B! H1 e( i阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section' o7 L7 z; R* p
复合剖视compound section
# G6 J4 K( y B; ^5 E8 J9 p( S' f剖面图section, sectional view
- s2 i7 C) v k7 f9 s$ C重合剖面coincide section, revolved section- a' m/ \1 {5 n) \1 v4 R4 y
移出剖面removed section9 [6 N& P$ ^) n5 N1 w8 }% X
剖面线section line; b2 v" x9 S) j
剖面符号symbols for section-lining
9 T* b$ N+ |0 K4 W$ v习惯画法conventional drawing
( o8 o+ v6 Q1 m/ @1 X局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement
@' h; l, N6 I( [/ m$ ?零件图detail drawing, working drawing
+ l# ?: N; v8 m( f第三角投影third angle projection
- \4 e& _0 ?% D0 k$ O粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line1 o- |( {6 x" R
细实线continuous thin line
$ q( Y. k2 E3 c( r- z虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line
, P- p8 y$ p6 `# ^/ v1 f W* R/ l1 ?( n点划线dash and dot line' \. R) T& f* t
双点划线double dots line
9 i/ H) z6 `' V, Q6 s7 r4 {) d波浪线break line
- Y) b: k* `! p8 q! U断裂线5 j3 \8 q2 g& Z1 f1 b! l
剖切平面迹线cutting plane line( N { k5 y5 |/ Z4 `
尺寸线dimension line
; [0 j% d( w5 g, h9 ^尺寸界线extension tine
5 ]" H0 }5 F- K7 i! f8 b% b6 j尺寸dimension size
; \7 i7 T5 M2 o6 E, _9 T4 N箭头arrowhead* E2 W8 Q/ t/ I6 C }# L
基准datum4 S* W* N+ N' c1 \: E% K+ o
基准线datum line; T& ]0 V: z' D, B W( P0 D0 H
基准面datum plane
: J, n0 J0 ]5 H( v( @$ b" o( l0 O中心孔central hole8 ]% w0 H9 M2 ^2 v1 A9 i+ ~
中心距center distance
- Q7 `9 S7 `+ v+ E) ?轴shaft, axle
1 F' l/ t. n: K% E孔hole
$ a( x& _" J7 D7 [3 j& @斜孔inclination
1 U) _" d9 X" u2 _* p装配图assembly drawing& O+ E. X9 i8 f, k( X& X7 O
性能尺寸characteristic dimension: |* J( H. Y, G: W* v0 l
大小尺寸size dimension3 @1 E0 S5 u j" A7 C
总体尺寸outer dimension
) J+ n, r) O( w7 J8 `外形尺寸+ w+ |& T1 E+ u7 A
配合尺寸fit dimension0 H( B: e" D4 E' H( ^! l6 W
内圆角fillet y) g* D( B$ ]9 s, Z
外圆角round
4 m6 F- |4 d8 `; z6 p+ J. U尖角sharp corner
* g& |4 `, @6 x& `! u& W倒角chamfer
+ |& J. S1 K8 J5 ~- V; ^0 [轮缘flange of wheel
8 @, Y! h0 ^' K5 l+ S缘、边、环rim& g6 V" r. K* L! r0 e- \
轴肩shoulder
- y+ i$ P p& u d2 A凸台boss
% u, |2 A0 a' v8 e8 g7 r凹坑concave pit; G, ?. I. F; p, \* E
轴颈shaft neck [1 \5 S) {) k- t
轮毂hub" S) G" S5 t2 v( k! @5 ^) M) R
轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel4 G3 c' {. p( P, \/ h- f6 u
直纹滚花straight knurling s% E/ ~6 g* C; N9 E$ P2 L! _# v
网纹滚花hatching knurling9 O; [, d$ s0 y9 s# ^! ]
键槽key-way/ Q5 H4 ` \/ {! E
退刀槽escape
# K6 }1 O- M& v5 `" W拔模斜度pattern draft8 h: _2 h: ? }) z, _
填料盒gland box
! |6 l% L9 ~1 l% s! m油槽oil groove
8 @9 ]; Q' ~! ^$ w( S7 k; w! m) i油封oil seal
7 ^. D; k$ w1 f- x5 z标准件standard parts
; ] \' M1 ?" I0 \螺纹thread
% y/ [, |& ~8 X9 i$ L外螺纹external thread: Z+ @# N7 S4 A8 ^2 I9 d
内螺纹internal thread- ]6 m% O# _7 O0 P
大径major diameter; a. X* s: g) B- @: U: v
小径minor diameter
# `% t& }5 _7 y7 j螺距pitch of thread
7 h3 f" f8 J4 S8 X _牙型form of thread
2 ]) A }: I" i/ ~4 g P旋向direction of turning
8 z `) k! @& E& |! P右旋螺纹right-hand thread
) A+ \$ p) P' X# f' q1 h' B$ s左旋螺纹left-hand thread
8 ~ K: [* `+ l! f7 i头数number of thread
. A7 A& G; ^8 V; R导程lead
q+ D6 K0 s& ~* W3 v粗牙coarse thread
, ?" n9 T- ?( t9 J0 B( Q细牙fin thread
" N( _6 Y& |1 \9 ?螺栓bolt
2 p8 t) o- X! O! W: f7 e C/ `螺钉screw3 m+ _2 a0 Y! l. z: |' B
螺柱stud
3 Y6 h' v+ }3 {5 m. n8 ~螺母nut1 p! R/ o# J! f
垫片washer
2 r* _3 W$ H$ K$ @5 k公差tolerance
+ C9 w- n# W4 a! m- k% P7 {公差带tolerance zone
7 p/ Q) A# ]/ j3 h$ X$ i零线zero line
+ u5 h* `) D1 {7 A \3 K! ~- A7 `标准公差standard tolerance
: W9 ^+ y/ e. J# S. A! g公差等级tolerance grade
n+ }6 L9 z1 |( f8 P基本偏差fundamental deviation7 U1 I: }, k* t1 P! x
配合fit
& V `7 p/ ~! R5 X间隙配合clearance fit- [, \, }4 k: k/ A
过盈interference
- a9 a, ?- k# r4 q3 U过盈配合interference fit
( g& h( u* c1 \/ T* d过渡配合transition fit) @. M- i# @9 T3 R4 o$ {
基孔制hole-basic system of fits
`9 G8 o$ f3 X, C" B基轴制shaft-basic system of fits8 e, K7 M; [# w5 ?; ^
间隙clearance# H( k- F0 _( Y9 M U& {8 u" Z
形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
! Z' L5 Y9 B* j) m) M/ |直线度straightness2 X+ a, o$ ]9 i7 B
平面度flatness7 S3 w3 @) M9 f# F
圆度roundness
8 I3 x7 [4 u8 U |& _2 Y0 y圆柱度cylindricity1 C/ }. w) \& B0 X5 _2 H
线轮廓度profile of any line" y8 H/ ~5 z( y9 q: Q7 l
面轮廓度profile of any plane
1 o' E- X T' n: F位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
9 R( \& w4 M4 K+ d1 U G平行度 parallelism4 { x+ N) H- u+ _% h: \: r
齿轮gear; N4 q' A2 w7 e# I/ x8 n
圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear }. `* `, R) c6 S
正齿轮spur gear% m G* y r4 ?$ a
斜齿轮spiral gear' r& b! i8 A* k+ n; p) m
轮齿gear tooth+ M( o" M9 {( W
节圆pitch circle. r0 n/ I4 X, C+ s
齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle
1 K5 L9 J0 ]5 j+ n齿根圆root circle, addendum circle; I8 r. I" M4 n) t3 z) [
模数modulus
; G0 O6 K* l& R" t$ z齿数number of teeth. j) K1 w; N" c% m" J* G
齿高tooth height4 D. g/ W9 h/ y# J
齿顶高height of addendum9 t( Y2 r: n# S5 Q
齿根高height of addendum, `$ q, k. G3 q; S/ v
齿厚circular thickness8 W5 Z d; l' a! T2 p9 `5 H
齿间tooth space
* f3 `1 J. H# z, F `2 A* s齿宽tooth width( K+ P5 e+ f# A0 Y! I; E
压力角angle of pressure
, Z5 a1 J: _0 o. U* `弹簧spring
l: A6 F2 v9 M- x$ f销pin
4 k, q7 Z$ j* q8 G: i; z, d圆柱销round pin! f. X" T6 d3 w& z
圆锥销taper pin2 h' T) z m) ^5 a2 s* v
开口销cotter pin, split
P! @. |+ r$ ^- _; b2 H# @( Y键key2 E+ E/ ^0 a7 { Q
平键flat key
- l0 r s& d# ]1 b半圆键half round key, woodruff key. Q) K% V% w# F6 b- E) @' M
轴承bearing
9 i/ ^3 a4 u/ |9 g0 q滚动轴承rolling bearing- K& C( x4 j4 L, b R
向心铀承radial bearing
3 d; M8 s2 `* A$ H* d; P1 B密封装置sealing equipment
, z* X/ Y& r; I' \1 I7 Z# E# R, b4 i锁紧装置locking equipment
6 u& i* f2 r. a& O) i" {8 p粗糙度roughness6 g' r- I" u- x' A
基本尺寸basic size
& Q1 v( g" P2 ]$ e4 ^, f j& Q8 w实际尺寸actual size! f! J! q& v; m/ ~ Z
极限尺寸limits size
, o( y8 m4 C* e) I最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size
, s/ u2 H M* L( j0 s2 c最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size
" R% g( D' o, q H" A偏差deviation) x2 E( D5 x: y% i) ~: b J
上偏差upper deviation
( ~! o0 H# I( j1 c1 B, |下偏差lower deviation5 X5 o0 s% `* B h( g# m! {( y( s8 U
垂直度perpendicularity. e8 K2 W% ]' H* P& [' W7 k& l# Q
倾斜度angularity; D, r2 `, _2 ]
同轴度concentricity, } [2 @ x( r8 k& h" d% o+ r" B
对称度symmetry6 v+ t- e/ V& W0 v: I" M
位置度true position
+ o! N% ?/ V! z) r) M V% @* b# _跳动run-out2 I# G r4 w) B9 q7 n' R$ y
圆跳动cycle run-out
7 `4 G. ] \. P" D4 ?' M) T0 R" U全跳动total run-out
9 @+ \4 a* I8 F6 j5 j1 B轴测投影axonometric projection! F. W- ~# g5 B5 u5 R" X
轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection9 m9 p# r3 E' {
轴测图axonometric drawing
; Z7 ]) c* M4 c7 g; p8 Z8 w% R正等轴测投影isometric projection5 I) t" i5 m& o @9 l/ j
正二测bimetric projection, Z& [- n% O6 L
斜二测oblique bimetric projection0 N1 |1 w9 R- H& ]3 @5 E
轴测轴axonometric axis
8 x A1 r: t1 i/ K& I( Y/ U轴间角axis angle, angle between ales
. l0 ^3 e0 H2 s! j缩短foreshortened+ g U* D; j! \
轴向缩短率coefficient of axial
. i2 ^% W% O/ I: G) X/ j9 {" bdeformation ratio of
/ v7 l+ o4 O* _) E7 ~* \- Ofore shortening for any axis0 Y2 D2 N5 J3 D$ y* _6 N
切割法cutting method, by cutting
8 W4 P2 X7 `$ b& ^方箱法boxing method0 \$ }7 @# _, y& F3 d: L8 `
坐标法coordinate method
; o H, A3 a2 `2 e; D3 y方框法enclosing-square method
% J5 y ]# \+ u- E8 m5 G Y四心近似法four-center approximate metho
发表于 2020-5-18 17:25:51
