物料科学$ N5 S* L1 v4 A8 J: e" C/ r
Material Science ! r' c' z- E( h) w: C. K
物料科学定义Material Science Definition
) V2 e) c$ k9 v0 T, K! y y+ u加工性能
* O6 N- H; D" d5 v% T0 BMachinability) {+ E9 T+ f) d) A
强度
+ L7 j6 G% H5 NStrength
9 ?6 \7 `5 q' r9 k+ S5 O抗腐蚀及耐用 , `3 c- e- A, ]- |. Q
Corrosion & resistance durability
2 m9 ]% _) p3 |( o" I金属特性
8 _! w. Y7 T( E. c& `8 uSpecial metallic features$ I3 O9 @1 v% _" \
抗敏感及环境保护
8 ^# Y7 i0 O5 l! ~/ AAllergic, re-cycling & environmental protection2 Z% ]& E, K, r) V) k! z9 _
化学元素
6 ^3 k$ \ G+ I6 e5 S5 g* n7 XChemical element
& q6 l) Y. R2 r/ v" _( ]元素的原子序数
/ G5 t: c6 `& ]( bAtom of Elements, R# E# B9 S2 B5 \& o& m
原子及固体物质 - X3 j# s& E- V
Atom and solid material
; r4 M! L1 F! \原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表
9 g0 [/ K$ ]; W. d0 W4 ZThe size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)
9 p' f3 W m2 ]* y$ a& t原子的组织图 % y b% j; c" b4 a6 |$ J
Atom Constitutes
S, F0 U$ C- j9 {# c$ D- x) L$ d周期表, S- s. l' l1 k% R
Periodic Table
1 u/ E$ w0 D" w9 @# U原子键结 8 M( }6 x- I# q, Z2 N7 x0 S+ J
Atom Bonding
1 b! W4 [# a7 U, P' H; T: l金属与合金 Metal and Alloy
4 }, [0 R0 F9 Y4 q6 R8 ^. I/ b铁及非铁金属5 j, f8 Q7 e0 Q n! m
Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal$ ~4 s1 @/ ~' w
金属的特性
$ _* u* B! }, }/ x3 OFeatures of Metal 1 w) P2 U5 y5 j \
晶体结构 Crystal Pattern
# x& {2 w3 ~5 h4 I. W2 n晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格 ) R8 c* |0 e4 L1 a( V+ j) e: K
Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell
; T9 r0 e' _2 K8 Y4 c X& }5 @" ZX线结晶分析法 " o& L P1 E% N6 t+ v
X – ray crystal analyics method , o! m/ ]' r, \# H4 z7 O
金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice
2 s) ]0 p9 W+ m0 q8 R4 l格子常数 Lattice constant & j" Q3 C7 g% d. e; A8 M
米勒指数 Mill's Index
/ Q& Z0 r7 g8 K' s4 _/ Y, |金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule
! O2 ?% n6 A4 T' @$ r" c8 l) {固熔体 Solid solution ) @ p. `. j) w7 r F& V3 e% }
置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution
* j, h8 x) s# C/ |9 q. A5 A插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution
3 a9 P" c. Z; g8 I/ S) B金属间化物 Intermetallic compound 2 P$ d5 E, p% j% M& S1 `+ |7 P
金属变态
* w5 l# X: i" S r" VTransformation & q8 w% h' F# r
变态点 2 g \: Z5 i6 {3 u( ]2 l
Transformation Point: f3 Z6 K2 d& h& u
磁性变态
0 p1 }1 J4 S, z" Z1 j' WMagnetic Transformation
1 z' }; p9 E4 O同素变态
/ i0 @3 l/ M3 x: f$ RAllotropic Transformation
9 g# A. f, ?* [合金平衡状态
+ j1 s0 u, V- |; XThermal Equilibrium . U9 v. n* q$ g8 V- m, _- b
相律
1 J' s# O$ S3 e- nPhase Rule- ~* }5 G8 V' u8 p
自由度
0 R" J3 C6 H, [8 E8 c/ Z+ HDegree of freedom
6 Q9 Z1 k9 n0 c, k, k5 H临界温度 & t% `2 x7 \7 @
Critical temperture* R7 F; W. c" v: \/ O
共晶# Q! L/ X, f( E, \
Eutectic
8 ~( T7 k# [# R# C- ~& O/ y: Q包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature
( P9 b$ G4 H# \9 ~; k* b' w包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction* t/ q& \6 C7 ^2 r5 _) r
包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy9 k/ z6 _& v1 ~, s+ \/ f& H
亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy
- b0 m1 |" ^2 `& N9 x! r8 O5 e过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy$ P$ ?8 F' n2 O6 n" {
金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较
5 {2 e% s, r/ `4 Y8 ~( dEquilibrium Comparision
+ m3 G2 s8 @. T9 `& |& [金属塑性 Plastic Deformation . @. [! s4 p- Q
滑动面 Slip Plan( }4 B1 m6 d9 o0 P
畸变 Distortion* k& c% {% x2 {' \: l1 a5 t
硬化 Work Hardening, n, n8 {2 m! i! p- C8 |& \
退火 Annealing }$ o" S" u! w& K$ X( S, K4 T3 {+ l
回复柔软 Crystal Recovery
5 _- ]" d* _) M2 W: E再结晶 Recrystallization
7 o! ^# C3 s* U金属材料的性能及试验
+ ~; ^6 n- _' n8 f. X" G$ kProperties & testing of metal 9 l+ e6 Q8 q" U) B, J, {+ a* N
化学性能
5 {8 [" O2 }2 x2 `+ iChemical Properties
3 ?) v! U$ z; w物理性能
' f. i$ f$ s$ XPhysical Properties4 e' f/ {, P7 G' ]
颜色 3 ?* u, ~) ^) ?7 S: k# V _' E
Colour
# k$ J2 J$ Q* f( u& z, L" S磁性
- Z) N! G2 ^9 C ?2 _Magnetisum
2 [+ M- i! Q% K. ~$ l比电阻
; ]2 z& E& P3 V# ] o( f. ASpecific resistivity & specific resistance
8 N5 A7 V% w$ P* A3 q9 W9 H比重& ~+ s4 t+ g/ }- G* B
Specific gravity & specific density. M1 t7 x8 a6 b
比热
7 \. e' _0 n: L" ISpecific Heat1 U+ ~4 x7 `* O1 B, e4 ~: r
热膨胀系数
7 a# ~- @6 p& \! uCoefficient of thermal expansion ' ^6 W. U) C2 C, i" u% k$ N/ L
导热度
. Q6 L+ o& U7 `" S+ v: {3 _# [: \Heat conductivity : ]& k- N0 h& h2 C1 b
机械性能 Mechanical properties8 S5 v1 \- M8 `
屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth), ^- t8 m# F, A+ H2 ^6 H4 x
弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点
! `7 _4 n: F) Celastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point
3 R$ s# i1 ]$ w; p Y& m6 ~伸长度 * U+ s' A" c5 S$ Z$ ^
Elongation
& N: T* L, N0 j8 z* K断面缩率
7 W9 V$ ]4 V3 E( Z$ _Reduction of area
. I7 o9 e1 y4 H( R1 Y2 e J/ K金属材料的试验方法: W4 m5 W0 q* a1 b# r ^
The Method of Metal inspection 8 W1 f1 L+ M7 q% X
不破坏检验
1 M0 u/ o8 T, Q( N% C' cNon – destructive inspections
0 b7 ]7 K+ ]: T+ N2 ?6 h- }5 [5 K渗透探伤法 ) a6 f: \. i- R2 Q
Penetrate inspection , {; i! @8 B0 ?
磁粉探伤法 ( Q$ y1 c/ }! D# I+ ^- _
Magnetic particle inspection
% N% G' e0 g1 E; q放射线探伤法
: A& d* ^: ^' g: @7 ~0 SRadiographic inspection + M7 |# z( y$ F. ?; W3 Z
超声波探伤法
8 |1 v3 _# C* \; `Ultrasonic inspection
4 M( u' `% g2 q6 d; z* {# Y6 ]显微观察法 ) m8 k4 i4 A5 H, j0 P7 w9 e
Microscopic inspection' }( j ]4 N/ V
破坏的检验 2 {8 m$ F/ ]) B4 V: j% ]. v
Destructive Inspection2 |+ A8 Q* s- R- Q
冲击测试
5 M: E: x P* Z% W/ M# u% U. p! ]) xImpact Test
$ j4 H2 O' C% _0 K疲劳测试 6 e M( `9 L! @( M
Fatigue Test
d2 ^# r3 P+ j8 H潜变测试 Creep Test
1 G9 `7 }9 D$ [6 t潜变强度
* U& \: C! ^2 h) | VCreeps Strength
j* E ~( G; H第壹潜变期 1 C- s$ V6 F3 Q: o. Q
Primary Creep
; U0 z( M' X3 f5 X0 f! l: y4 B第二潜变期
9 ]4 l) h. E: U& BSecondary Creep
9 g/ y h- y$ t5 g1 m: a+ F第三潜变期
% A. d: M7 d |9 g6 x; F" g1 NTertiary Creep8 J" |, [: k" y+ Z: b" ]
主要金属元素之物理性质
" Y$ p2 q: a v. X" iPhysical properties of major Metal Elements
( B/ P3 @" }1 r+ e% \ P工业标准及规格 – 铁及非铁金属
7 f9 M/ v, l) X0 T9 `& S( B/ r1 VIndustrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal , K% a, h1 p* D+ o' p: k
磁力 Magnetic
8 D/ P' R, M U! W" X \简介 General : m' ]- [! d3 w: G
软磁 Soft Magnetic
1 _3 `9 O, ^6 Q& ~ k% t硬磁 Hard Magnetic
. l! X$ G% g& {$ [4 M+ |磁场 Magnetic Field
0 h+ t8 O4 R1 ?( S' }$ [! r/ E) ~磁性感应 Magnetic Induction
* N9 \; y7 o1 x. ?$ i透磁度 Magnetic Permeability/ C4 F8 U& d2 }! v6 T: g9 Q' Z
磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm) " ?) @( A$ ^! P* F8 X' o! N4 m( V
磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生
. g6 \1 O; Y7 q+ a7 X+ L1 ^抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体 7 P8 f1 L$ S; K4 F- U7 i
Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism
0 @7 z R, i1 |( D抗磁体 Diamagnetism7 \. [/ S7 ?9 D6 W/ I
磁偶极子 Dipole) K1 V2 N7 Y& R/ ~! [
负磁力效应 Negative effect0 k( h# n& d( X, t
顺磁体 Paramagnetic
% I$ ]+ ?1 i9 I+ A$ }) G2 @正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility
% ]# n" {7 D6 ?' `. w- c6 n铁磁体 Ferromagnetism ' R. k# Z8 h( W0 @4 _
转变元素 Transition element3 Q) H% R" [% ^! i
交换能量 Positive energy exchange9 y* R+ B. w. F3 }7 |
外价电子 Outer valence electrons
' ?- n6 r3 {/ c8 x# T化学结合 Chemical bond, G3 Q1 a- U N W0 D: K' {
自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization% J4 o; W4 n$ I* [( m4 R
磁畴 Magnetic domain
9 w1 c, R+ ], z% ~( p相反旋转 Opposite span* u' p' x. W' ^
比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体 " Y# } a' p: }6 P2 H8 d
Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism
8 O+ }. n, d7 U& [. Q. \反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism " I% v( j( F* `7 o
亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism ( o3 j _6 _& g$ A: w
磁矩 magnetic moment
' U& ^" q' _7 \# o0 o净磁矩 Net magnetic moment& [+ Z2 h$ s9 c: T: W
钢铁的主要成份
% ~5 Y W. e3 e! VThe major element of steel
9 W& z5 n; C* }0 W钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类+ P. M- Y/ M/ o _4 D
Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents
0 W. q6 ~6 n; Q1 Z铁相
6 Y! t: E* ^9 z/ bSteel Phases
. J0 ~$ |8 ^: B& u8 S9 @% r+ A h钢铁的名称
7 t! F; F5 A. K0 y" EName of steel, A" a6 F3 `6 q, q
纯铁体& H( v" L% |; _. V
Ferrite' @; K0 F4 [+ m
渗碳体
( ]- u+ @ p8 U- [) fCementitle
" ^! E- k9 j9 z/ h, |( j奥氏体 Austenite
# a* M( Q3 D; I. `4 ]* [珠光体及共释钢 # P/ A6 S6 @( h8 J& }
Pearlite &Eutectoid " k |7 [( D1 r I g
奥氏体碳钢 $ ^- R7 ^8 a1 @( G- n+ |6 R+ B& p
Austenite Carbon Steel
) m8 G ~5 k X4 k单相金属
$ b$ {3 U( g. r$ g5 E- FSingle Phase Metal
4 @& U3 L7 K& x; c共释变态- u6 k2 b( W$ s" g
Eutectoid Transformation
& T. l* d8 W, ]2 }" S' y珠光体 Pearlite
( ~* Y- }) L$ Q) s4 E4 _亚铁释体
. R( U0 {! c8 uHyppo-Eutectoid ; C y4 G+ J# R/ i# n0 `" _
初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite& ~ T, V* q% A; [% u8 l8 O
过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid ; `8 R, A0 s9 {9 a6 u8 g
珠光体 4 u0 C( }) ~- m$ o$ w) B8 p
Pearlite
: c* a( W3 L+ E( B( w粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite
% S& _) Y) J9 h& p |$ m2 p& q: b中珠光体 Medium pearlite5 d J9 d* l: T) z/ G2 Y; `5 k3 r8 G
幼珠光体 Fine pearlite
/ }8 y$ E& u( R$ c6 q" z; I磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation o8 v9 G, w4 T6 p4 S- Q
钢铁的制造
* | Z& a0 A7 y hManufacturing of Steel }/ |' e ?- ?: E( u4 H4 b% d( Y
连续铸造法 Continuous casting process F; L* E9 O; R* s" l, w: t# j
电炉 Electric furnace
; w# b% `2 G0 A S; j5 ~ [6 C* Y) ^均热炉 Soaking pit6 O4 d$ A m7 x4 T/ @0 k5 h
全静钢 Killed steel- \# F( f0 }0 Q g& {
半静钢 Semi-killed steel
- j$ k( h, A6 [5 e! M沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel. v0 j7 r7 r7 f# I) a. ?1 [
钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart
% t* Z4 E# `0 ~0 _0 `钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧
$ i2 P9 i9 r, T6 JThe Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel
6 a, c1 l6 G0 e% y熔铸 Casting$ m! [0 S( L- D# ?. E
锻造 Fogging
; R7 t3 w8 z2 n& b3 k$ p) F3 G挤压 Extrusion
4 b" n; c$ R, e3 ]9 I4 A延轧 Rolling; C# _+ o8 D6 h5 @0 ^
冲剪 Drawing & stamping
2 }- l v- M% x2 C# q特殊钢 Special Steel. m! J8 j, N8 r( ` }: h
简介
& D9 s. \4 v8 [9 l+ UGeneral
. Y* R# L2 q" F9 O; _特殊钢以原素分类
% g c6 r& D' x6 C1 vClassification of Special Steel according to Element & q, T, ^9 f" b4 v& j2 k
特殊钢以用途来分类 + a' a7 h1 N! h0 d' Z# J
Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage . ]. U& j; {/ V3 i ~( `
易车(快削)不锈钢 ! r- T4 B2 v" d# m: D! c- B
Free Cutting Stainless Steel ) R0 x# q8 I* i) c" c
含铅易车钢
2 w8 ~# V6 a( J/ ~Leaded Free Cutting Steel % s: [6 ]" x3 K+ s6 V2 |5 W
含硫易车钢
/ Y! c- q9 u) y0 H0 y0 oSulphuric Free Cutting Steel
3 O$ w/ j; ^0 f硬化性能
' {- F+ s: ?4 t( KHardenability
% H* U2 ~* s/ E6 [1 r钢的脆性" D9 }$ B% l6 H7 Q. i" a
Brittleness of Steel
, a& D9 v+ a4 z8 _: z4 h4 u低温脆性 Cold brittleness% @, T, C3 Z. g4 m0 j/ |* z* j
回火脆性 Temper brittleness
7 x+ G: g6 r' a: x5 _. R5 }日工标准下的特殊钢材
( M7 F4 T, j5 U! t6 GSpecail Steel according to JIS Standard : D7 x/ l- x+ c6 I k' z
铬钢 – 日工标准 JIS G4104
9 D* \" w. n' RChrome steel to JIS G4104
0 X6 u& s W% [6 o8 R铬钼钢钢材 – 日工标准 G4105 62
& h% U: c4 ?! b: w: W. X6 ZChrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105 / X' w0 Y H1 _" @% @
镍铬 – 日工标准 G4102 63; d% Q6 m* X! Y, W
Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102 " }; m* N% u& @
镍铬钼钢 – 日工标准 G4103 644 p4 r) u' I1 ]6 K( z/ H, [1 Q
Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103 % C& a6 r1 j+ q
高锰钢铸 – 日工标准9 x* y) J8 A- ]9 M# i8 S9 F: p. |
High manganese steel to JIS standard
, k2 o/ b/ d: n0 H/ V. H$ j片及板材
# q* ^% z: l+ L0 CChapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate
7 N# \9 S7 E0 d: g) k冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95
% G, |& d8 o `9 N: I& `Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)
9 ~6 i1 w6 Z% R* O' X/ \0 Z简介
: h9 d, u8 F4 [' D" eGeneral ' }( N( }7 @+ ~7 Y. d; F* i! C3 B
美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片
# [, V% }8 t# H- gCold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM) + y0 k l! m$ d, K: g/ I
日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释 9 O1 W( d; R1 i% |
Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141
* b5 C' I, I8 |材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity
6 d2 Z6 ]4 a) Y! L$ F/ Z8 k( I硬度 Hardness
$ a/ x" n. u/ @' H, H! h, p, C5 O% N表面处理 Surface finish/ o6 c7 O# u( b: K3 z+ {- v4 a: I
冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表
' x" H h3 Q. v) {% VProduction flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet
. O& e G3 c9 F1 L冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法
6 T3 x1 D' H% o: R& S3 d2 v+ K. q! ZCold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method / D9 l+ ~' w" I; Y, r. T# S
冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表
; E* T: j; E3 R. W, @End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip
' S) N3 d2 g% v硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test
6 r; d- I" y/ ]) ^) X2 W拉伸测试(顺纹测试)
! g1 i, S/ R/ iElongation test
5 P, U9 n6 x) } w5 r) n) Z) J杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘 3个试片平均数)
5 V' h9 M, A0 W' S+ p, dErichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)' _" l. N9 o) k6 B Z( ~
曲面(假曲率) |
发表于 2008-2-21 13:22:32
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