参考点及其故障诊断
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所谓加工中心参考点又名原点或零点,是机床的机械原点和电气原点相重合的点,是原点复归后机械上固定的点。每台机床可以有一个参考原点,也可以据需要设置多个参考原点,用于自动刀具交换(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ATC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)或自动拖盘交换(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">APC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)等。参考点作为工件坐标系的原始参照系,机床参考点确定后,各工件坐标系随之建立。所谓机械原点,是基本机械坐标系的基准点,机械零部件一旦装配完毕,机械原点随即确立。所谓电气原点,是由机床所使用的检测反馈元件所发出的栅点信号或零标志信号确立的参考点。为了使电气原点与机械原点重合,必须将电气原点到机械原点的距离用一个设置原点偏移量的参数进行设置。这个重合的点就是机床原点。在加工中心使用过程中,机床手动或者自动回参考点操作是经常进行的动作。不管机床检测反馈元件是配用增量式脉冲编码器还是绝对式脉冲编码器,在某些情况下,如进行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ATC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">APC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">过程中,机床某一轴或全部轴都要先回参考原点。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">按机床检测元件检测原点信号方式的不同,返回机床参考点的方法有两种。一种为栅点法,另一种为磁开关法。在栅点法中,检测器随着电机一转信号同时产生一个栅点或一个零位脉冲,在机械本体上安装一个减速撞块及一个减速开关后,数控系统检测到的第一个栅点或零位信号即为原点。在磁开关法中,在机械本体上安装磁铁及磁感应原点开关,当磁感应原点开关检测到原点信号后,伺服电机立即停止,该停止点被认作原点。栅点方法的特点是如果接近原点速度小于某一固定值,则伺服电机总是停止于同一点,也就是说,在进行回原点操作后,机床原点的保持性好。磁开关法的特点是软件及硬件简单,但原点位置随着伺服电机速度的变化而成比例地漂移,即原点不确定。目前,几乎所有的机床都采用栅点法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用栅点法回机床原点的几种情形如下:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用增量检测反馈元件的机床开机后的第一次回机床原点;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用绝对式检测反馈元件的机床安装后调试时第一次机床开机回原点;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">栅点偏移量参数设置调整后机床第一次手动回原点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">按照检测元件测量方式的不同分为以绝对脉冲编码器方式归零和以增量脉冲编码器方式归零。在使用绝对脉冲编码器作为测量反馈元件的系统中,机床调试前第一次开机后,通过参数设置配合机床回零操作调整到合适的参考点后,只要绝对脉冲编码器的后备电池有效,此后的每次开机,不必进行回参考点操作。在使用增量脉冲编码器的系统中,回参考点有两种模式,一种为开机后在参考点回零模式各轴手动回原点,每一次开机后都要进行手动回原点操作;另一种为使用过程中,在存储器模式下的用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代码指令回原点。使用增量式脉冲编码器作为测量反馈元件的机床开机手动回原点的动作过程一般有以下三种:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">手动回原点时,回原点轴先以参数设置的快速进给速度向原点方向移动,当原点减速撞块压下原点减速开关时,伺服电机减速至由参数设置的原点接近速度继续向前移动,当减速撞块释放原点减速开关后,数控系统检测到编码器发出的第一个栅点或零标志信号时,归零轴停止,此停止点即为机床参考点。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回原点轴先以快速进给速度向原点方向移动,当原点减速开关被减速撞块压下时,回原点轴制动到速度为零,在以接近原点速度向相反方向移动,当减速撞块释放原点接近开关后,数控系统检测到检测反馈元件发出的第一个栅点或零标志信号时,回零轴停止,该点即机床原点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>3.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回原点时,回原点轴先以快速进给速度向原点方向移动,当原点减速撞块压下原点减速开关时,回归原点轴制动到速度为零,再向相反方向微动,当减速撞块释放原点减速开关时,归零轴又反向沿原快速进给方向移动,当减速撞块再次压下原点减速开关时,归零轴以接近原点速度前移,减速撞块释放减速开关后,数控系统检测到第一个栅点或零标志信号时,归零轴停止,机床原点随之确立。</SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用增量式检测反馈元件的机床开机第一次各伺服轴手动回原点大多采用撞块式复归,其后各次的原点复归可以用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代码指令以快速进给速度高速复归至第一次原点复归时记忆的参考点位置。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进一步从数控系统控制过程来分析机床原点的复归,机床在回机床原点模式下,伺服电机以大于某一固定速度的进给速度向原点方向旋转,当数控系统检测到电机一转信号时,数控系统内的参考计数器被清零。如果通过参数设置了栅点偏移量,则参考计数器内也自动被设定为和栅点偏移量相等的值。此后,参考计数器就成为一个环行计数器。当计数器对移动指令脉冲计数到参考计数器设定的值时被复位,随着一转信号的出现产生一个栅点。当减速撞块压下原点减速开关时,电机减速到接近原点速度运行,撞块释放原点减速开关后,电机在下一个栅点停止,产生一个回原点完成标志信号,参考位置被复位。电源开启后第二次返回原点,由于参考计数器已设置,栅点已建立,因此可以直接返回原点位置。使用绝对检测反馈元件的机床第一次回原点时,首先数控系统与绝对式检测反馈元件进行数据通信以建立当前的位置,并计算当前位置到机床原点的距离及当前位置到最近栅点的距离,将计算值赋给计数器,栅点被确立。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当加工中心回参考点出现故障时,首先由简单到复杂进行检查。先检查原点减速憧块是否松动,减速开关固定是否牢固,开关是否损坏,若无问题,应进一步用百分表或激光测量仪检查机械相对位置的漂移量,检查减速撞块的长度,检查回原点起始位置、减速开关位置与原点位置的关系,检查回原点模式,是否是在开机后的第一次回原点,是否采用绝对脉冲编码器,伺眼电机每转的运动量、指令倍比及检测倍乘比,检查回原点快速迸给速度的参数设置、接近原点速度的参数设置及快速进给时间常数的参数设置是否合适,检查系统是全闭环还是半闭环,检查参考计数器设置是否适当等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回原点故障现象及诊断调整步骤如下</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.机床回原点后原点漂移检查是否采用绝对脉冲编码器,如果采用,诊断及调整步骤见使用绝对脉冲编码器的机床回原点时的原点漂移;若是采用增量脉冲编码器的机床,应确定系统是全闭环还是半闭环,若为全闭环系统,诊断调整步骤见全闭环系统中的原点偏移;若为半闭环系统,用百分表或激光测量仪检查机械相对位置是否漂移。若不漂移,只是位置显示有偏差,检查是否为工件坐标系偏置无效。在机床回原点后,机床</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">CRT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">位置显示为一非零值,该值取决于某些诸如工件坐标系偏置一类的参数设置。若机械相对位置偏移,确定偏移量。若偏移量为一栅格,诊断方法见原点漂移一栅点的处理步骤。若漂移量为数个脉冲,见原点漂移数个脉冲的诊断步骤。否则检查脉冲数量和参考计数器的值是否匹配。如不匹配,修正参考计数器的值使之匹配;如果匹配,则脉冲编码器坏,需要更换。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用绝对脉冲编码器的机床回原点时的原点漂移</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先检查并重新设置与机床回原点有关的检测绝对位置的有关参数,重新再试一次回原点操作,若原点仍漂移,检查机械相对是否有变化。如无漂移,只是位置显示有偏差,则检查工件坐标偏置是否有效;若机械位置偏移,则绝对脉冲编码器故障。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.全闭环系统中的原点漂移</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">先检查半闭环系统回原点的漂移情况,如果正常,应检查电机一转标志信号是否由半闭环系统提供,检查有关参数设置及信号电缆联接。如参数设置正常,则光栅尺等线性测量元件不良或其接口电路故障。如参数设置不正确,则修正设置重试。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.原点漂移一个栅点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">先减小由参数设置的接近原点速度,重试回原点操作,若原点不漂移,则为减速撞块太短或安装不良。可通过改变减速撞块或减速开关的位置来解决,也可通过设置栅点偏移改变电气原点解决。当一个减速信号由硬件输出后,到数字伺服软件识别这个信号需要一定时间,因此当减速撞块离原点太近时软件有时捕捉不到原点信号,导致原点漂移。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果减小接近原点速度参数设置后,重试原点复归,若原点仍漂移,可减小‘快速进给速度或快速进给时间常数的参数设置,重回原点。若时间常数设置太大或减速撞块太短,在减速撞块范围内,进给速度不能到达接近原点速度,当接近开关被释放时,即使栅点信号出现,软件在未检测进给速度到达接近速度时,回原点操作不会停止,因而原点发生漂移。若减小快进时间常数或快速进给速度的设置,重新回原点,原点仍有偏移,应检查参考计数器设置的值是否有效,修正参数设置。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.原点漂移数个脉冲</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">若只是在开机后第一次回原点时原点漂移,则为零标志信号受干扰失效。为防止噪声干扰,应确保电缆屏蔽线接地良好,安装必要的火花抑制器,不要使检测反馈元件的通信电缆线与强电线缆靠得大近。若并非仅在开机首次回原点时原点变化,应修正参考计数器的设定值。如果通过上述步骤检查仍不能排除故障,应检查编码器电源电压是否太低,编码器是否损坏,伺服电机与工作台的联轴器是否松动,系统主电路板是否正常,有关伺服轴电路板是否正常及伺服放大器板是否正常等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.05pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原点故障例:</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.台湾</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DM4400M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">加工中心发生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Z</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">轴方向加工尺寸不稳定,尺寸超差且无规律的故障,也就是说,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Z</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">轴原点出现无规律的漂移,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">CRT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及伺服放大器无任何报警显示。该加工中心采用三菱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">M3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统,半闭环控制方式,交流伺服电机与滚珠丝杠通过联轴器直接联接。根据故障现象结合该机采用的控制方式、联接方式进行分析,故障原因可能是联轴器联接螺钉松动,导致联轴器与滚珠丝杠或伺服电机轴间滑动。对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Z</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">轴联轴器联接进行检查,发现联轴器六只紧定螺钉都出现松动。紧定螺钉后,故障排除。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.台湾</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">DM4400M</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">加工中心使用中出现换刀位置有的班次不对,有的班次正常的故障。换刀位置发生变化时,被加工工件的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Z</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">向加工尺寸也相应变化,且与换刀位置的变化相对应。无任何报警显示。该加工中心采用三菱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">M3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数控系统。开机回参考点采用下列方式:安装于伺服电机端部的位置编码器每转</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">360</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">°有一定数量的等距离的栅点,两个栅点间的距离叫栅点间隔。开机手动回参考点时,轴先以参数设定的回参点速度向参考点快速移动,当接近参考点减速撞块压下回参考点减速行程开关时,轴以参数设立的较低的接近速度移动,当接近参考点撞块离开回参考点减速行段开关时,编码器检测到的第一个栅点的位置为参考点复归的位置。由于机械有其固有的机械原点,故要求电气原点要和机械原点一致。机械原点和电气原点问的偏移叫参考点偏移,在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">G28sft</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参数中设定。当参考点减速开关离开接近参考点减速撞块时的位置,不在栅点间隔中心附近时,参考点有时会发生偏移,可以通过参数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">grmask</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">栅点屏蔽的设定防止参考点位置偏移。机床换刀点由机床的第二参考原点设定,而第二参考原点是由机床第一参考原点确定的。由于机床所出现的故障有的班次有,有的班次没有,因此怀疑该机床开机手动回参考点时出现问题。经查,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Z</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">轴回参考点减速行程开关固定板与立柱固定不牢,严重松动,导致原点漂移。</SPAN></SPAN></P> 借鉴一下!!!!! 总结很深刻,值得学习好好看
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