相关制造业的一些名词解释
<P><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CAD (Computer Aided Design</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，简称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">CAD)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计算机辅助设计</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计算机辅助制造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> CAPP Computer Aided Process Planning,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">简称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">CAPP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。计算机辅助工艺规程设计</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> CAE (Computer Aided Engineering,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">简称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">CAE) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计算机辅助工程分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> ERP (Enterprise resource plan)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业资源计划</SPAN></P><P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><BR>PDM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产品数据管理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> Product Data Management</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以产品为中心，通过计算机网络和数据库技术，把企业生产过程中所有与产品相关的信息和过程集成起来进行管理的技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> BPR (Business Process Reengineering</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业流程再造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：从根本上的重新考虑并彻底重新设计业务流程，以实现在关键的业绩上，如成本、质量、服务和响应速度，取得突破性的进展。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> BOM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">物料清单</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> (Bill of Materials)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它是一种描述装配件的结构化的零件表，其中包括所有的子装配件、零件、原材料的清单，以及制造一个装配件所需物料的数量，如工时、材料、设备、工装、车间等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> MRP </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">物料需求计划（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Material Requirement Planning</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的简称。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">MRP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一种将库存管理和生产进度计划结合为一体的计算机辅助生产计划管理系统。它以减少库存量为目标，统筹地为制造业管理者提供满足生产计划需要的物资供应手段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> MRPII </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">制造资源计划（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Manufacturing Resource Planning</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的简称。是在物料需求计划（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">MRP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的基础上发展起来的。它不仅编制产品和零部件的生产进度计划、物料采购计划，而且还可以直接从系统获得各种财务信息如销售收入、库存资金占用量和产品成本等。是一个覆盖企业全部生产资源的管理信息系统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> SCM </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">供应链管理（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Supply Chain Management</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的简称。供应链由供应商、制造工厂、分销网络、客户等环节组成。供应链管理是对供应链上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> “</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">物流</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">资金流</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">信息流</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，还有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> “</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增值流</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工作流</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的管理。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> CRM </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">客户关系管理（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Customer Relation Management</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的简称。自动化并改善与管理销售、营销、客户服务和支持等领域的客户关系有关的商业流程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有限元分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将物体划分成有限个单元，这些单元之间通过有限个节点相互连接，单元看作是不可变形的刚体，单元之间的力通过节点传递，然后利用能量原理建立各单元矩阵；在输入材料特性、载荷和约束等边界条件后，利用计算机进行物体变形、应力和温度场等力学特性的计算，最后对计算结果进行分析，显示变形后物体的形状及应力分布图。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数字控制</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">简称数控</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指用离散的数字信息控制机械等装置的运行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">NC(Numerical Control) <BR><BR> CNC (Computer Numerical Control,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计算机数控</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，指用计算机作为一般数控系统中的控制装置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> B2C </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一种企业对个人的电子商务方式，它利用计算机网络使消费者直接参与经济活动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> B2B </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一种企业对企业的电子商务方式，企业与企业间的订货、销售、发货等全部交易行为均以电子商务的方式进行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业信息化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业以企业流程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">优化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">重组为基础，在一定的深度和广度上利用计算机技术、网络技术和数据库技术，控制和集成化管理企业生产经营活动中的所有信息，实现企业内外部信息的共享和有效利用，以提高企业的经济效益和市场竟争能力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子商务</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> (Electronic Commerce) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是指对整个贸易活动实现电子化。从涵盖范围方面可以定义为：交易各方以电子交易方式而不是通过当面交换或直接面谈方式进行的任何形式的商业交易；从技术方面可以定义为：电子商务是一种多技术的集合体，包括交换数据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如电子数据交换、电子邮件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、获得数据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">共享数据库、电子公告牌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以及自动捕获数据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条形码</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指的是利用信息技术来处理商务活动的系统。还可以有其它的名称，如电子商业</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(Electronic Business)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、网络贸易</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(Net Commerce)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Internet</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">商务、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Eeb</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">商务、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Web</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">购物等，称统电子商务。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并行工程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并行工程的实质是在产品的设计阶段就充分地预报该产品在制造、装配、销售、使用、售后服务以及报废、回收等环节中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，发现可能存在的问题，及时地进行修改与优化。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虚拟制造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虚拟制造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(Virtual manufacturing</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，也译作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">拟实制造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，它是虚拟现实</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(Virtual reality)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也译作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">幻真</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">灵境</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在制造中的应用。虚拟现实技术是借助于多媒体计算机的声像技术及先进的传感技术，虚构一种场景，给人以身临其境的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">真实</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">感受。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计算机集成制造系统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">CIMS </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计算机集成制造系统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(Computer Integrated Manufacturing System,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">简称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">CIMS)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是现代信息技术条件下的新一代制造系统。它以计算机来辅助制造系统的集成，以充分的、及时的信息交流或信息共享将企业的设计、工艺、生产车间以及供销和管理部门集成一个有机的整体，使它们相互协调地运作，以确保企业的整体效益，提高企业的竞争能力和生存能力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">敏捷制造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> (Agile Manufacturing</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，简称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">AM)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：指的是制造企业能够把握市场机遇，及时动态地重组生产系统，在最短的时间内</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与其它企业相比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">向市场推出有利可图的、用户认可的、高质量的产品。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以计算机网络将本地的、异地的，甚至异国的制造企业或制造资源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设备、产品设计或工艺规程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">联成一个整体，为共同的目的，进行协调的努力。如果说，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">CIMS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">侧重于企业内部各部门、各环节之间的集成与信息交流，那么，敏捷制造则发展到企业之间的集成与信息交流。通过计算机网络联接起来的企业，被称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“Virtual Enterprise”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有的中文文献上译为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虚拟企业</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仿真制造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">模仿生物的组织结构和运行模式的制造系统与制造过程称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仿生制造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”(Bionic Manufacturing)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。人们在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仿生制造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中不仅是师法大自然，而且是学习与借鉴他们自身内秉的组织方式与运行模式。如果说制造过程的机械化、自动化延伸了人类的体力，智能化延伸了人类的智力，那么，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仿生制造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">则是延伸人类自身的组织结构和进化过程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">绿色制造</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">绿色制造是一种综合考虑环境影响和资源效率的现代制造模式，其目标是使产品从设计、制造、运输、使用到报废处理的整个产品生命周期中，对环境的影响</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">负作用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最小，资源利用效率最高。绿色制造是可持续发展战略在制造业中的体现，换句话说，绿色制造是现代制造业的可持续发展模式。显然实施可持续发展战略与制造业的产业结构调整及企业的振兴与发展是密不可分的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">快速成型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是个由三维转换成二维</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软件离散化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，再由二维到三维</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料堆积</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的工作过程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三维造型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> CAD</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的三维造型有三种层次的建立方法，即线框、曲面和实体，也就是分别对应于用一维的线，二维的面和三维的体来构造形体。</SPAN></P>
Re: 相关制造业的一些名词解释
TKS!又學到了一點.現在還是好人多呀Re: 相关制造业的一些名词解释
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十分感激您
Re: 相关制造业的一些名词解释
謝謝分享: 相关制造业的一些名词解释
好东东啊十分感激您 相当专业，收藏英文识别在工作中尤其重要
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