浸渗技术及应用研究
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摘要</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">]<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本文叙述了浸渗技术的来源、发展、应用范围和加工方法，介绍了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">QH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">型系列浸渗设备、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系列无机浸渗剂和有机树脂浸渗剂的发展现状及其水平，最后对浸渗技术的应用效果、经济效益作了说明。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关键词</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">]<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">浸渗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">真空</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">压力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">浸渗设备</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有机浸渗剂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无机浸渗剂</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、前言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">浸渗技术是利用浸渗剂在压力下渗入多孔性工件经固化反应而达到填补空隙的目的，浸渗技术是现代科技发展的一项新技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">浸渗技术广泛用于铸造缺陷的密封，木材的防虫、防腐、阻燃，粉末冶金件的增强、防蚀和密封，水泥制品的防碱或酸性腐蚀，电器、电子元件的防潮和绝缘。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">近代工业浸渗技术的应用可以追溯到三十年代的铸件堵漏工艺，当时用水玻璃以内循环填充铸件空隙。五、六十年代，随着汽车工业的发展，美国、前西德、前苏联等工业发达国家，为承压铸件的密封推动了第一代浸渗剂—硅酸钠型浸渗剂的研制和应用，并由局部或常压浸渗工艺发展到真空加压浸渗工艺。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">七十年代以来，能源危机的出现，促使汽车向轻型化发展，许多铸铁部件由铝、镁、锌等轻金属及其合金材料代替，减轻汽车重量，减少能源消耗，提高汽车的使用性能。但轻金属铸件容易产生微孔，导致受压铸件渗漏，同时，粉末冶金烧结件的广泛应用，进一步节省了材料和机械加工费用。多孔材料的泄漏问题急待解决，促进了对浸渗技术的需求。同时化学工业的发展，又促进了浸渗剂的研究与开发，种类繁多，用途广泛，性能优良的浸渗剂不断出现，相继推出了聚酯型第二代浸渗剂和厌氧型、热固性丙烯酸酯型第三代浸渗剂。浸渗方法和浸渗工艺不断得到改进，浸渗设备向大型化、半自动化发展，进一步推动了浸渗技术的广泛应用，浸渗技术已被先进工业国家的军工和尖端技术部门认可。浸渗技术的应用，推动了许多复杂结构设计的薄壁化。现在国外一些企业已把浸渗技术作为一项设计手段和铸件生产中不可缺少的生产工序，并主张对铸件进行浸渗全处理。浸渗效率高，以及浸渗处理经济效果显著，已使人们认识到这项技术在工业生产中大力推广的价值。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">浸渗技术的应用范围</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、铸件的浸渗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铸件的浸渗最主要的功效是密封防漏，以使它能用于液压系统和燃气系统中。例如汽车和拖拉机变速箱体、燃油泵、液压阀、化油器、油缸、压缩机和液压部件、密闭的飞机仪器及其电子仪器护罩、气动零件和各种气动仪表等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铸件浸渗还可防止其内腐蚀，提高产量。众所周知，铸件的内腐蚀往往是从微孔中开始的，当微孔被浸渗剂充满，待其固化后，就能防止腐蚀性液体的浸入，起防腐蚀的作用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此外，铸件浸渗也可为电镀、油漆等表面处理作准备，由于浸渗剂填充了铸件中的空隙，避免了这些空隙吸收电镀液，镀后造成气泡和不光洁表面。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">浸渗可作为铸件、压铸件经常存在的疏松和微孔等缺陷补救措施，也促进了铸件产品设计的薄壁化、轻型化，节省了材料的消耗。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">2、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粉末冶金件的浸渗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粉末冶金材料有着优异性能，所以汽车、拖拉机上用的衬套件、气门导管、齿轮、凸轮、轴瓦、离合器摩擦片、电热元件、热交换器、切削刀具、工模具和一些耐腐蚀、高温抗氧化及耐高温零件等目前均广泛采用粉末冶金材料制造。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粉末冶金件（以下简称粉冶件）是用金属粉末（或金属与非金属粉末的混合物）做原料，压制成型后烧结而制成各种类型的工件。粉冶件的特点是内部存在着包括粉末金属颗粒之间细小气隙在内的许多孔隙网络（约占整个工件体积的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），既使是高密度的粉冶件，这种孔隙依然存在。因此，粉冶件是不能保存液体的。粉冶件的浸渗处理可使其内孔隙完全被浸渗剂填充而达到永久性密封，从而可将它用于液压系统中，例如可将它制造精密的油泵偶件、压缩机壳体等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此外，粉冶件在电镀或其他表面涂层处理之前如经浸渗处理，电镀液和清洗剂便不会吸进孔隙中去，可获得表面光洁和耐腐蚀的工件。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">必须指出，粉冶件应在烧结之后立即进行浸渗处理，因这时孔隙是洁净的，易被浸渗剂完全填充。浸渗后的粉冶件还可改善其切削加工性能（微孔经填充后刀具将由间断切削变成连续切削）便于工艺过程的控制。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">3、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子器件的浸渗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">变压器、电容器和电机等电器件的浸渗，可增加它们的介电性能和绝缘性能。例如电机的定子与壳体装配后的组件，经浸渗使其形成一个单一的整体，浸渗后微孔得以密封，并增加一定的强度和散热效果，解决了电机由于振动而降低的绝缘性能，同时浸渗后的电机在潮湿环境下仍能保持良好的绝缘性能，提高电机的可靠性和使用寿命。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">非金属件的浸渗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">非金属材料，如木材（枕木、电线杆等）、陶瓷和纤维塑料合成材料，采用浸渗处理可延长使用寿命并提高它们的防水性。例如，大型计算机的冷却系统零件一般都用玻璃钢加强塑料制造，浸渗可使其得到有效的密封，从而可防止液体通过微细的加强纤维为通道而发生渗漏。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由上可知，浸渗技术在机电产品和多孔性材质件的密封中，有着广泛的应用范围。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三、</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">浸渗方法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">浸渗处理方法可根据工件缺陷的性质与分布状态，工件的工作状况、结构尺寸和浸渗剂的类型等，而选用不同的浸渗方法。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目前对整体浸渗说，最常用、最有效的是真空压力浸渗方法、日本的三键公司和普拉塞拉姆公司都从事浸渗技术的研究与开发，向世界各国供应浸渗设备和系列浸渗剂，提供浸渗技术服务。美国乐泰公司的浸渗剂满足军工</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MIL-SCD27680</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MIL-1-17563B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">标准。在日本，各行业中的受压部件普遍采用该项技术，日本的几大汽车公司更是在发动机生产中把铸件浸渗作为一道不可缺少的工序。如为几十家汽车公司提供发动机铝铸件的日本</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R.S.T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公司由于采用了浸渗技术，使铝铸件的废品率由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">降低到了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，为此每月工厂减少了约七千万日元的损失。英国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RONCERAY</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公司每年用浸渗的方法处理约四万吨铸件，美国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">GE</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公司用真空加压浸渗法制造绝缘性能电机，都取得了巨大的经济效益。我国先后在数百家工厂运用了浸渗技术，取得了可观的经济效益及社会效益。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结语：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑴</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">浸渗技术在生产实践中证实，在国民经济中具有一定的现实意义，有广阔的前景。该技术采用真空加压工艺，其技术可行、工艺可靠、效果理想，是一项解决铸件承压密封的新技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑵</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>QH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">型浸渗设备是目前国内较完善的设备，可满足浸渗工艺要求。从性能与功能来看，具有国内先进水平，达到国际先进水平。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>TT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系列无机浸渗剂可适应各种不同工况条件下使用，效果理想，其性能优于国内同类型产品。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑷</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有机浸渗剂铁泰</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">90C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是国际上最新配方、最新研制成果，目前在国内市场上广泛应用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">该项技术应继续扩大应用范围，创造更大的经济效益和社会效益。</SPAN></FONT></P><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 56pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 铁道部戚墅堰工艺研究所无锡市戚河开发部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 56pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">叶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（教授级高级工程师）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 56pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">话：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>13063614098</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 56pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><o:p> 电 邮： wxyeyi@yahoo.com.cn</o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"></o:p></SPAN> </P> 难道这种技术没有人关心吗？用的不多？奇怪！忘记了 ，投入很大
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