数控车削加工中妙用G00及保证尺寸精度的技巧
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>数控车削加工技术已广泛应用于机械制造行业,如何高效、合理、按质按量完成工件的加工,每个从事该行业的工程技术人员或多或少都有自己的经验。笔者从事数控教学、培训及加工工作多年,积累了一定的经验与技巧,现以广州数控设备厂生产的<SPAN lang=EN-US>GSK980T</SPAN>系列机床为例,介绍几例数控车削加工技巧。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">一、程序首句妙用<SPAN lang=EN-US>G00</SPAN>的技巧</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">目前我们所接触到的教科书及数控车削方面的技术书籍,程序首句均为建立工件坐标系,即以<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50 Xα Zβ</SPAN>作为程序首句。根据该指令,可设定一个坐标系,使刀具的某一点在此坐标系中的坐标值为<SPAN lang=EN-US>(Xα Zβ)(</SPAN>本文工件坐标系原点均设定在工件右端面<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>。采用这种方法编写程序,对刀后,必须将刀移动到<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50</SPAN>设定的既定位置方能进行加工,找准该位置的过程如 下。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<OL type=1>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">对刀后,装夹好工件毛坯;<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">主轴正转,手轮基准刀平工件右端面<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>;<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">Z</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">轴不动,沿<SPAN lang=EN-US>X</SPAN>轴释放刀具至<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>点,输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50 Z0</SPAN>,电脑记忆该点;<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">程序录入方式,输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>G01</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US>W-8</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US>F50</SPAN>,将工件车削出一台阶;<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">X</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">轴不动,沿<SPAN lang=EN-US>Z</SPAN>轴释放刀具至<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>点,停车测量车削出的工件台阶直径<SPAN lang=EN-US>γ</SPAN>,输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50 Xγ</SPAN>,电脑记忆该点;<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">程序录入方式下,输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>G00 Xα Zβ</SPAN>,刀具运行至编程指定的程序原点,再输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50 Xα Zβ</SPAN>,电脑记忆该程序原点。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">上述步骤中,步骤<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>即刀具定位在<SPAN lang=EN-US>XαZβ</SPAN>处至关重要,否则,工件坐标系就会被修改,无法正常加工工件。有过加工经验的人都知道,上述将刀具定位到<SPAN lang=EN-US> XαZβ</SPAN>处的过程繁琐,一旦出现意外,<SPAN lang=EN-US>X</SPAN>或<SPAN lang=EN-US>Z</SPAN>轴无伺服,跟踪出错,断电等情况发生,系统只能重启,重启后系统失去对<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50</SPAN>设定的工件坐标值的记忆,<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>复 位、回零运行<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>不再起作用,需重新将刀具运行至<SPAN lang=EN-US>XαZβ</SPAN>位置并重设<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50</SPAN>。如果是批量生产,加工完一件后,回<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50</SPAN>起点继续加工下一件,在操作过程中稍有 失误,就可能修改工件坐标系。鉴于上述程序首句使用<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50</SPAN>建立工件坐标系的种种弊端,笔者想办法将工件坐标系固定在机床上,将程序首句<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50 XαZβ</SPAN>改为<SPAN lang=EN-US>G00 Xα Zβ</SPAN>后,问题迎刃而解。其操作过程只需采用上述找<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50</SPAN>过程的前五步,即完成步骤<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>后,将刀具运行至安全位置,调出程序,按自动运行即可。即使发生断电等意外情况</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">重启系统后,在编辑方式下将光标移至能安全加工又不影响工件加工进程的程序段,按自动运行方式继续加工即可。上述程序首句用<SPAN lang=EN-US> G00</SPAN>代替<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50</SPAN>的实质是将工件坐标系固定在机床上,不再囿于<SPAN lang=EN-US>G50 Xα Zβ</SPAN>程序原点的限制,不改变工件坐标系,操作简单,可靠性强,收到了意想不到的效果</SPAN></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>二、控制尺寸精度的技巧</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<OL type=1>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">修改刀补值保证尺寸精度<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">由于第一次对刀误差或者其他原因造成工件误差超出工件公差,不能满足加工要求时,可通过修改刀补使工件达到要求尺寸,保证径向尺寸方法如下:<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<OL type=1>
<OL type=a>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">绝对坐标输入法<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL></OL>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">根据<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>大减小,小加大<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>的原则,在刀补<SPAN lang=EN-US>001</SPAN>~<SPAN lang=EN-US>004</SPAN>处修改。如用<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>号切断刀切槽时工件尺寸大了<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue=".1" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>0.1mm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>,而<SPAN lang=EN-US>002</SPAN>处刀补显示是<SPAN lang=EN-US>X3.8</SPAN>,则可输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>X3.7</SPAN>,减少<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>号刀补。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">b.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">相对坐标法<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">如上例,<SPAN lang=EN-US>002</SPAN>刀补处输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>U-0.1</SPAN>,亦可收到同样的效果。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">同理,对于轴向尺寸的控制亦如此类推。如用<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>号外圆刀加工某处轴段,尺寸长了<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue=".1" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>0.1mm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>,可在<SPAN lang=EN-US>001</SPAN>刀补处输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>W0.1</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<OL type=1 start=2>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">半精加工消除丝杆间隙影响保证尺寸精度<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">对于大部分数控车床来说,使用较长时间后,由于丝杆间隙的影响,加工出的工件尺寸经常出现不稳定的现象。这时,我们可在粗加工之后,进行一次半精加工消除丝杆间隙的影响。如用<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>号刀<SPAN lang=EN-US>G71</SPAN>粗加工外圆之后,可在<SPAN lang=EN-US>001</SPAN>刀补处输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>U0.3</SPAN>,调用<SPAN lang=EN-US>G70</SPAN>精车一次,停车测量后,再在<SPAN lang=EN-US>001</SPAN>刀补处输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>U- 0.3</SPAN>,再次调用<SPAN lang=EN-US>G70</SPAN>精车一次。经过此番半精车,消除了丝杆间隙的影响,保证了尺寸精度的稳定。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">程序编制保证尺寸精度</SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
<OL type=1>
<OL type=a>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">绝对编程保证尺寸精度<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL></OL>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">编程有绝对编程和相对编程。相对编程是指在加工轮廓曲线上,各线段的终点位置以该线段起点为坐标原点而确定的坐标系。也就是说,相对编程的坐标原点经常在变换,连续位移时必然产生累积误差,绝对编程是在加工的全过程中,均有相对统一的基准点,即坐标原点,故累积误差较相对编程小。数控车削工件时, 工件径向尺寸的精度一般比轴向尺寸精度高,故在编写程序时,径向尺寸最好采用绝对编程,考虑到加工及编写程序的方便,轴向尺寸常采用相对编程,但对于重要的轴向尺寸,最好采用绝对编程。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<OL type=1>
<OL type=a start=2>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">数值换算保证尺寸精度<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL></OL>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">很多情况下,图样上的尺寸基准与编程所需的尺寸基准不一致,故应先将图样上的基准尺寸换算为编程坐标系中的尺寸。如图<SPAN lang=EN-US>2b</SPAN>中,除尺寸<SPAN lang=EN-US> <st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="13.06" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">13.06mm</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN>外,其余均属直接按图<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="a" SourceValue="2" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2a</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>标注尺寸经换算后而得到的编程尺寸。其中,<SPAN lang=EN-US> φ<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="29.95" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">29.95mm</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>φ<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="16" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">16mm</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN>及<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="60.07" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>60.07mm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>三个尺寸为分别取两极限尺寸平均值后得到的编程尺寸。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<OL type=1 start=2>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">修改程序和刀补控制尺寸<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">数控加工中,我们经常碰到这样一种现象:程序自动运行后,停车测量,发现工件尺寸达不到要求,尺寸变化无规律。如用<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>号外圆刀加工图<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>所示工件, 经粗加工和半精加工后停车测量,各轴段径向尺寸如下:<SPAN lang=EN-US>φ<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="30.06" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">30.06mm</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>φ<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="23.03" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">23.03mm</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN>及<SPAN lang=EN-US>φ<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="16.02" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">16.02mm</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN>。对此,笔者采用修改程序和刀补的方法进行补救,方法如下:<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<OL type=1 start=2>
<OL type=a>
<LI class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">修改程序<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL></OL>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">原程序中的<SPAN lang=EN-US>X30</SPAN>不变,<SPAN lang=EN-US>X23</SPAN>改为<SPAN lang=EN-US>X23.03</SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>X16</SPAN>改为<SPAN lang=EN-US>X16.04</SPAN>,这样一来,各轴段均有超出名义尺寸的统一公差<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue=".06" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>0.06mm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>;<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">b.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">改刀补<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>号刀刀补<SPAN lang=EN-US>001</SPAN>处输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>U-0.06</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">经过上述程序和刀补双管齐下的修改后,再调用精车程序,工件尺寸一般都能得到有效的保证。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">数控车削加工是基于数控程序的自动化加工方式,实际加工中,操作者只有具备较强的程序指令运用能力和丰富的实践技能,方能编制出高质量的加工程序,加工出高质量的工件</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P> 总结的很好 楼主写了那么多,支持一下
页:
[1]