刀具中的稀有金属
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"> <BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">刀具的常用材料,高速钢或者硬质合金,都使用者大量的稀有金属。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">首先是钨。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">最传统的高速钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">W18Cr4V</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,含钨量达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">18%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。后来典型的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">W9Mo3Cr4V</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,含钨也达到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">6%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">9%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。硬质合金的含钨量也非常高,钨钴类</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">加工铸铁及铝合金等常用,如国内典型的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">YG</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">系列</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">或钨钴钛类</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">加工长切屑的钢件常用,如国内典型的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">YT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">系列</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的碳化钨含量基本上都在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">80%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">以上,如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">YG6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的碳化钨含量高达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">90%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">以上。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">我国世界钨储量第一,占全球供应量的为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">85%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。钨主要用于硬质合金、包括高速钢在内的特种钢等产品,并被广泛用于国防工业、航空航天、信息产业,被称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">工业的牙齿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。钨的耐温性能非常好,因此在武器工业中钨合金被大量用,比如枪、炮的发射管中都会用到钨的合金。军事方面用做穿甲弹的弹丸,都是用比坦克装甲硬得多的高密度合金钢、碳化钨等材料制成的。钨的化学性能非常稳定,在</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="1000" UnitName="℃"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">1000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">以上的高温下也不会氧化,硬度也不会明显下降。这点对防破甲弹的高温金属射流十分有利。钨合金的机械性能与贫铀相差无几,却没有贫铀的放射性,有利于环境的保护。钨的硬度极高,主要用于钢铁金属的合金,加入钨后钢的硬度会有极大的提高,在金属加工领域的刀具材料高速钢就是含钨的合金。如果一个国家没有钨的话,在目前技术条件下的金属加工能力就会出现极大的缺失,直接导致机械行业的瘫痪,所以称之为战略金属。此外在照明领域也必须使用钨做为灯丝。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">其次应该是钼。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">高速钢被分为钨系和钨钼系两个大系,由于钨资源的紧缺性和钨钼系高速钢的工艺性良好,钨钼系高速钢成为高速钢的主流派系。在高速钢中,一份钼对刀具性能的贡献大约相当于两份钨。因此,我们会看到说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">钨当量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">16%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">W9Mo3Cr4V</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">钨当量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">15%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">等等。我国钼储量居世界第二,占全球供应量的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">24%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。钼可以用于炼制各类合金钢、不锈钢、耐热钢、超级合金,在军事工业中应用广泛,也被称作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">战争金属</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"> <BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">此外钛、钴、铬、铌、钽等等也是刀具中常会用到的稀有金属。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">钛是另一类硬质合金钛基硬质合金</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">国内常常称其为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">金属陶瓷</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">”)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的主要成分。钛基硬质合金是以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">TiC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">Ti(C,N)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">为主要成份</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">60%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">80%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">以上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">Ni-Mo</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">Ni-Co-Mo</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">作粘结相的硬质合金。钛基硬质合金的性能介于陶瓷和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">WC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">基硬质合金之间,可以用比普通钨基硬质合金更高的切削速度切削,加工的工件表面质量好。因此,特别适于钢材和铸件的精加工和半精加工。在国外,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">TiC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">基和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">Ti(C,N)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">基硬质合金所占比重已达到可转位刀片总需求量的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">30%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">以上。近几年来,随着涂层钛基硬质合金</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">可单涂层,也可用多元复合涂层</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、超细晶粒和纳米晶粒以及梯度结构钛基硬质合金的开发,使材料的综合性能大大提高,应用范围更加扩大。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">钛还是刀具涂层的最主要的成分之一。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">TiC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">TiN</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">Ti(CN)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">TiAlN</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">等都是我们最常见的涂层品种。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">据了解我国的钛资源约占全球钛资源的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">38%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,换算成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">TiO2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">总储量达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">90</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">亿多吨,为世界第一。绝大部分在攀枝花地区。钛具有所有工业金属材料中最高的比强度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">抗拉强度和密度之比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">:钛的密度为</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="4.54" UnitName="克"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">4.54</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">克</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">/mm(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">纯钛抗拉强度最高可达</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="180" UnitName="千克"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">180</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">千克</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">/mm)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,挤压强度为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">40%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">55%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,整体强度是铝的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">倍,比强度是铝的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">1.3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">倍;而且它在</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="True" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="253" UnitName="℃"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">-253</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">到</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="500" UnitName="℃"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">500</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这样宽的温度范围内都能保持如此的高强度。钛一直主要用于航天军工精密部件。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">钴在高速钢刀具中的作用我在《漫笔高速钢》一文中已经提及:钴对于提高高速钢的性能的作用也是明显的,它能促使碳化物在淬火加热时更多地溶解在基体内,利用高的基体硬度来提高耐磨性。这种高速钢硬度、热硬性、耐磨性及可磨性都很好。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">钴在硬质合金中的主要作用是粘结剂,它能为硬质合金刀具提供一定的韧性。含钴量较少的刀具,硬度比较高,但韧性经常不够。因此,人们常常用提高钴含量的方法来适当地降低硬度而改善韧性。因为刀具一旦发生崩刃,再高的耐磨性也无从体现。钴加强是后来人们找到的一个新的解决方案。它可以在保持硬质合金芯部高的硬度以提供足够的支撑力的同时,表面具有较高的钴含量而可以承受更高的切屑冲击。这一技术据说是早年由在肯纳金属服务的华人科学家<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="刘一雄">刘一雄</st1:PersonName>博士参与开发的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">当时的牌号为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">KC850)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,现在山特维克可乐满、山高等也已经提供这样的产品。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">但我国的钴资源紧缺,已探明钴金属估有储量约数十万吨。分布于全国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">个省</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">区</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。国外钴资源丰富,储量约为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">520</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">万吨,但绝大部分产在风化型红土镍矿、岩浆型硫化铜镍矿和沉积型砂岩铜矿之中,且</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">95%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">以上集中分布在民主刚果、澳大利亚、古巴、赞比亚、新喀里多尼亚和俄罗斯等少数国家。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">铬在所有的高速钢中的含量几乎都是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">4%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,以至国际标准化组织在制定高速钢牌号的国际标准时,规定可以省略铬含量的符号。如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">W18Cr4V</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的代号是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">HS18-0-1-0(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">前一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">是代表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">Mo</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">含量为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,后一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">是代表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">Co</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">含量为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">0)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">W6Mo5Cr4V2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的代号是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">HS<st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="2" Month="5" Year="2006">6-5-2</st1:chsdate>-0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">W2Mo9Cr4VCo8(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">美国牌号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">M42)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的代号是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">2-9-1-8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">现在发展出一些含</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">Cr</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的刀具涂层。巴尔泽斯推出的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">G6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">涂层就是一种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">AlCrN</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">涂层。据巴尔泽斯称,这种涂层的耐磨性、热硬性和抗氧化性都有很大提高。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">但是,我国的铬资源相当匮乏。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">铌、钽经常以碳化铌和碳化钽的方式出现在硬质合金的成分表中,在所有的硬质化合物中碳化钽的硬度是最高的。铌、钽和钨、钼一样都是稀有高熔点金属,它们的性质和用途也有不少相似之处。铌、钽最主要的特点是耐热。它们的熔点分别高达摄氏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">2400</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">度和将近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">3000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">度,不要说一般的火势烧不化它们,就是炼钢炉里烈焰翻腾的火海也奈何它们不得。因此他们在刀具的成分中也占有一席之地。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"> <BR> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; LETTER-SPACING: 1pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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