美国国家工程院呼吁：加强对生产创新，生产力和劳动力培训
原文发表在engineering.com网站Globalization, technological advances, and changing business practices are dramatically transforming employment and operations across the board in manufacturing.US companies, government and educators should partner to strengthen workforce training and improve innovation and productivity, says a new report from the National Academy of Engineering.
开篇点明，全球化及技术进步对于企业生产的影响。
Manufacturing can no longer be considered separate from the value chain, the system of research and development, product design, software development and integration, and lifecycle service activities performed to deliver a product or service to market.Businesses focusing on the entire system help make value for their customers and are less likely to be disrupted by new technologies or increased competition from emerging economies around the world.
制造业已成为市场生命周期活动的一部分了。
While technological advances offer companies new ways to understand customers' needs and in turn increase demand for their products, automation and streamlined operations are likely to supplant an increasing number of workers in a variety of occupations, the report says.By some estimates, almost 50 percent of US jobs are at risk for disruption.For example, due to advances in automation and computer-aided design, engineering, and production, an automobile manufacturing plant can now be run by one-third as many people as in 1965, while the quality, sophistication, and timely delivery of vehicles have dramatically improved.
计算机辅助设计和自动化生产线的普及，越来越多的产业工人被下岗，现在的美国汽车制造厂可以使用仅相当于1965年工厂人数的三分之一保持正常运营，但产品质量和精度及交货周期都大大缩短。
With reduced demand for production workers, total US manufacturing employment dropped from approximately 19 million in 1980 to 11.5 million in 2010, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.Manufacturing job losses were concentrated in the portion of the workforce without a high school diploma.
没文化就裁你
“Advancing skills and creating skilled jobs are the best bet to aid the workforce that has been left behind by changes in manufacturing and the broader economy,” said Nicholas Donofrio, former executive vice president of innovation and technology of IBM, and chair of the committee that conducted the study.“Access to higher education and training, including certification programs and flexible pathways to degrees, is especially important for lower-skilled workers, who are most affected by the changes.”
接受高等教育和培训是拯救低技能工人的不二途径。
In the face of forces changing the manufacturing industry, companies need to find new ways to make value.For instance, when the rise of digital photography changed the value of film, Fujifilm harnessed its expertise working with the antioxidant chemicals used in photography to develop antioxidants for cosmetics and optical films for use with flat-panel screens.Although Fujifilm for decades created film and the materials to develop it, film now accounts for only a tiny percentage of its sales.富士胶卷成功转型
Businesses, economic development organizations, educational institutions, research organizations, as well as federal, state, and local governments all have important roles to play to ensure that US manufacturing strengthens its capacity for innovation.The committee made several recommendations as a blueprint for these actions, including:
转型是大家的责任，同时有如下建议：
1Businesses should establish training programs to prepare workers for modernized operations and invest in advancing the education of their low- and middle-skilled workforce.2Businesses, local school districts, workforce organizations, community colleges, and universities should form partnerships to help students graduate from high school, earn an associate’s or bachelor’s degree, and take part in continuing education and training programs in the workplace.3Congress and state legislatures should create tax credits or other incentives for businesses to invest and be involved in education programs that provide students and displaced workers with the knowledge and skills needed for higher-paying careers.4Metro area and state governments, industry, higher education, investors, and economic development organizations should partner to create local innovation networks to foster the creation of new businesses and to connect entrepreneurs and new businesses to the individuals, investors, tools, and institutions in their region and around the world that they need to grow.5Federal agencies should facilitate industry and government cooperation to identify shared opportunities to invest in pre-competitive research in forward-thinking and costly fields such as next-generation batteries and biotechnologies, for which capital is scarce.6Businesses should implement programs to attract and retain diverse workers with respect to gender, race, and socio-economic background.
真的是全民动员，我朝一样都借鉴不了
“We hope that this report will serve to inspire an understanding of the making value problem the nation faces and consequently stimulate action by government, industry, and education to deal with its consequences,” said NAE President C.D. (Dan) Mote Jr.“By doing so, our economy will create high-quality, high-paying jobs for a prepared workforce and opportunities for the U.S. to prosper in the 21st century.”
我朝的繁荣依靠房地产
NAE was joined in sponsorship of this study by Gordon E. Moore, Robert A. Pritzker and the Robert Pritzker Family Foundation, Jonathan J. Rubinstein, Edward Horton, and by a number of US companies — Boeing, Cummins, IBM, Qualcomm, Rockwell Collins, and Xerox.
美国私人基金会和企业关注美国国家发展大计。
The mission of the National Academy of Engineering is to advance the well-being of the nation by promoting a vibrant engineering profession and by marshalling the expertise and insights of eminent engineers to provide independent advice to the federal government on matters involving engineering and technology.
美国国家工程院的使命，哦，对了，这个机构是私人的，非盈利性机构。
人家就有那么超前的意识、所以他们一直走在前面。我们革命尚未成功。 呵呵，在老板眼里创新就是行业的铺路石，不愿倒在沙滩上。这和保护机制有关，也和短期心理有关。再说培训，那些也有，就是为钱而钱，骗政府补助，也和短期行为有关。
年轻人问，什么最赚钱？ 答：玩火箭什么的最妆前。那玩意不会。 反过来问：你会什么？ 什么也不会。
一句话为钱而钱，最终啥也不是。 要有正确的危机感 别人只有种族优越感，实事方面老觉得自己发展不如中国，提出来觉得自己人不如他人这种论调也没人骂，反而觉得是个机会，因为改进了赚的钱、声誉是别人承认的，不会被自己人偷走，只会被超越。 山寨横行，产品利润低，挤压上游空间，导致零部件制造和材料需求萎缩，水平和质量下降。同时，这种下降拉低设计支撑，设计也下降，形成恶性循环。 这就是老美没为什么强大了一个世纪的原因啊！！ 很有先见之明啊 应该学习啊
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