骆驼草 发表于 2006-12-25 21:59:14

机床加工中心的选型

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN class=tpctitle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">机床加工中心的选型</SPAN></SPAN></P><SPAN class=tpctitle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在企业的技术改造中,为提高竞争力,都把加工中心放在优先选择的地位,都希望用最少的投资获得业</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">高、功能强、运行可靠的机床。由于加工中心一次性大,技术复杂,给用户选型订货造成许多不便;同时价格、功能和精度是一个对立的统一体。因此,用户如何选择适合的机床显得十分重要。机床选型不仅是以机床技术、加工技术为基础的实际综合应用技术,而且是一种受自身经济实力约束的应用技术。加工中心的选型,由于价格远较普通机床较贵,所以受到制约因素很多,机床选择合理与否就更显突出。正确选型是用好加工中心,使加工中心发挥效益的关键。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"><BR><SPAN class=tpccontent>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、选型程序正确、全面地认识加工中心是选型订货的基础,要对加工中心的性能、特征、类型、主要参数、功能、适用范围、不足等有全面、详尽的了解和掌握。在充分认识的基础上,可按下述程序展开。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(1)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">正确选择加工对象在企业生产的众多零件中选择典型加工对象,即零件族选择。加工中心适宜于多品种、小批量生产。批量的形成不仅按零件的几何尺寸和数量来决定,还应考虑工艺的成组性。采用成组技术,可以有效地增加相似零件的加工批量,以接近大批量生产的效率和效益,实现中、小批量的生产。零件族选择的是否合适,对充分发挥投资效益有着十分重要的影响。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">&nbsp;(2)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">制定工艺方案对确定的零件族的典型零件</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">主样件</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">进行工艺分析,制定工艺方案。选择规格、精度、功能符合要求的机床,并考虑企业今后的发展,决定是否需要功能预留。同时,加工中心的加工工时费用高,在考虑工序负荷时,不仅要考虑机床加工的可能性,还要考虑加工的经济性。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">2</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、选型</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(1)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">类型选择考虑加工工艺,设备的最佳加工对象、范围和价格等因素,根据所选零件族进行选择。如,加工两面以上的工件或在四周呈径向辐射状排列的孔系、面的加工,如各种箱体,应选卧式加工中心;单面加工的工件,如各种板类零件等,宜选立式加工中心;加工复杂曲面时,如导风轮、发动机上的整体叶轮等,可选择五面加工中心;当工件尺寸较大时,如机床床身、立柱等,可选龙式加工中心。当然上述各点不是绝对的,特别是数控机床正朝着复合化方向发展,最终还是要在工艺要求和资金平衡的条件下做出决定。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(2)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">参数选择加工中心最主要的参数为工作台尺寸,根据确定的零件族的典型零件进行选择。工作台尺寸:这是加工中心的主参数,主要取决于典型零件的外廓尺寸、装夹方式等。应选典型零件稍大一些的工作台,以便留出安装夹具所需的空间,还应考虑工作台的承载能力,承载能力不足时应考虑加大工作台尺寸,以提高承载能力。坐标轴的行程:最基本的坐标轴是</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">X</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">Y</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">Z</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,其行程和工作台尺寸有相应的比例关系。工作台的尺寸基本上决定了加工空间的大小。如个别工件的尺寸大于机床坐标行程,则必须要求工件的加工区处在机床的行程范围之内。主轴电动机功率与转矩:它反映了数控机床的切削效率,也从一个侧面反映了机床的刚性。同一规格的不同机床,电动机功率可以相差很大。应根据工件毛坯余量、所要求的切削力、加工精度和刀具等进行综合考虑。主轴转速与进给速度:需要高速切削或超低速切削时,应关注主轴的转速范围。特别是高速切削时,既要有高的主轴转速,还要具备与主轴转速相匹配的进给速度。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">&nbsp;(3)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">精度选择机床的精度等级主要根据典型零件关键部位精度来确定。主要是定位精度、重复定位精度、铣圆精度。数控精度通常用定位精度和重复定位精度来衡量,特别是重复定位精度,它反映了坐标轴的定位稳定性,是衡量该轴是否稳定可靠工作的基本指标。特别值得注意的是,选型订货时必须全面分析,不能简单地看产品样本所列的精度数值,因为标准不同,规定数值不同、检测方法不同,数值的涵义就不同。刊物、样本、合格证所列出的单位长度上允许的</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">±</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">值</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">如:</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">±0.01/300)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">常是不明确的,订货时要特别注意,一定要弄清是</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">ISO</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">标准、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">VDI/DGQ344182(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">德国标准</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">JIS(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">日本标准</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">还是</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">NMTBA(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">美国标准</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。进而分析各种不同标准所规定的检测计算方法和检测环境条件,才不会产生误解。铣圆精度是综合评价数控机床有关数控轴的伺服跟随运动特性和数控系统插补功能的主要指标之一。一些大孔和大圆弧可以采用圆弧插补用立铣刀铣削,不论典型工件是否有此需要,为了将来可能的需要及更好地控制精度,必须重视这一指标。数控精度对加工质量有举足轻重的影响,同时要注意加工精度与机床精度是两个不同的概念。将生产厂样本上或产品合格证上的位置精度当作机床的加工精度是错误的。样本或合格证上标明的位置精度是机床本身的精度,而加工精度是包括机床本身所允许误差在内的整个工艺系统各种因素所产生的误差总和。整个工艺系统的误差,原因是很复杂的,很难用线性关系定量表达。在选型时,可参考工序能力</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">kp</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的评定方法作为精度的选型依据。一般说来,计算结果应大于</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">1.33</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。机床的刚度直接影响到生产率和加工精度。加工中心的加工速度大大高于普通机床,电动机功率也高于同规格的普通机床,因此其结构设计的刚度也远高于普通机床。刚性是机床质量的一个重要特征,但对选型而言,由用户对所选机床进行刚性评价尚无可借鉴的标准。实际上用户有选型时,综合自己的使用要求,对机床主要参数和精度的选择都包含了对机床刚性要求的含义。订货时可按工艺要求、允许的扭矩、功率、轴力和进给力量大值,根据制造商提供的数值进行验算。用于难切削材料加工的机床,应对刚性予以特殊关注,往往不局限于零件尺寸,而选用相对零件尺寸大</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">至</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">2</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">个规格的机床。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">&nbsp;(4)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数控系统选择数控功能分为基本功能与选择功能,可以从控制方式、驱动形式、反馈形式、检测与测量、用户功能、操作方式、接口形式和诊断等方面去衡量。基本功能是必然提供的,而选择功能只有当用户选择了这些功能后,厂家才会提供,需另行加价,且定价一般较高。对数控系统的功能一定要根据机床的性能需要来选择,订购时既要把需要的功能订全,不能遗漏,同时避免使用率不高造成浪费,还需注意各功能之间的关联性。在可供选择的数控系统中,性能高低差别很大,价格也可相差数倍。应根据需要选择,不能片面追求高指标,以免造成浪费。多台机床选型时,尽可能选用同一厂家的数控系统,这样操作、编程、维修都比较方便。同时要注意,再好的系统,必须要有机床可靠的零件质量和装配质量支持,才能发挥效能。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(5)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">坐标轴数和联动轴数的选择坐标轴数和联动轴数均应满足典型工件加工要求。一般坐标轴的数量也是机床档次的一个标志。一般情况下,同厂家、同规格、同等精度的机床,增加一个标准坐标轴,价格约增加</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">35%</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">左右。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">尽管增加轴数可强化机床的功能,最终还是要注意工艺要求和资金平衡。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">&nbsp;(6)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">工作台功能选择卧式加工中心有回转工作台。回转工作台有两种,用于分度的回转工作台和数控回转工作台。用于分度的回转工作台的分度定位间距有一定的限制,而且工作台只起分度与定位作用,在回转过程中不能参与切削。分度角有:</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">0.5</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">times;720</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">5</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">Times;72</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">Times;120</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">和</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">Times;360</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">等,须根据具体工件的加工要求选择。数控转台能够实现任意分度,作为</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">B</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">轴与其它轴联动控制。立式加工中心也可配置数控分度头。但必须根据实际需要确定,以经济、实用为目的。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(7)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">自动换刀装置</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(ATC)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">和刀库容量的选择</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> ATC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的工作质量和刀库容量直接影响机床的使用性能、质量及价格。刀库容量以满足一个复杂加工零件对刀具的需要为原则。应根据典型工件的工艺分析算出加工零件所需的全部刀具数,由此来选择刀库容量。当要求的数量太大时,可适当分解工序,将一个工件分解为两个、三个工序加工,以减小刀库容量。同时要关注最大刀具尺寸、最大刀具重量。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> ATC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的选择主要考虑换刀时间与可靠性。换刀时间短可提高生产率,但换刀时间短,一般换刀装置结构复杂、故障率高、成本高,过分强调换刀时间会使价格大幅度提高并使故障率上升。据统计加工中心的故障中约有</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">50%</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">与</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">ATC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">有关,因此在满足使用要求的前提下,尽量选用可靠性高的</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">ATC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,以降低故障率和整机成本。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">&nbsp;(8)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">冷却装置选择冷却装置形式较多,部分带有全防护罩的加工中心配有大流量的淋浴式冷却装置,有的配有刀具内冷装置</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">通过主轴的刀具内冷方式或外接刀具内冷方式</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,部分加工中心上述多种冷却方式均配置。精度较高、特殊材料或加工余量较大的零件,在加工过程,必须充分冷却。否则,加工引起的热变形,将影响精度和生产效率。一般应根据工件、刀具及切削参数等实际情况进行选择。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(9)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">自动交换工作台选择为了提高机床利用率,可选择交换工作台,以便机床正常工作时,仍可在交换工作台上安装工作。如机床要纳入</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">FMC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">FMS</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,则自动交换工作台是必须的,这样便于机床进入自动物流系统。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">&nbsp;(10)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">配备必要的附件、刀具为了充分发挥机床的作用,在选型订货时,除考虑基本功能和基本备件外,还应选用一些选择功能、选择件及附件,以免因缺少一个几万元钱就能购买的附件而影响机床的正常运行。而且,单独签订合同购买附件的单价大大高于随同主机一起供货的附件单价。慎重选择刀柄和刀具是保证机床正常运行的关键。国外金属切削专家认为</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">“1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">台价值</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">25</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">万美元的数控机床其效率的发挥在很大程度上取决于</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">把价值</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">30</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">美元的立铣刀的性能</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。可见,配备性能良好的刀具,是降低成本,获得最大综合经济效益的关键措施之一。但刀柄和刀具的需要量大,占设备投资的比例很大,有时甚至超过设备本身的投资。因此,最佳的选择方法还是根据典型工件所需的品种和数量确定,并在使用中陆续添置。配备刀柄时,要注意机床主轴孔的标准、拉钉标准和机械手夹持部位的标准。许多厂商在样本和说明书中只列出主轴标准,忽略了拉钉、机械手夹持部位的标准,订货时要特别注意。考虑不同机床之间刀具的通用性,在订货时,应尽量减少种类、型式。既可资源共享,降低在刀具方面的投资,也便于管理。机床的构成中,排屑装置、防护装置和对刀仪等均是必须的。同时注意配套性,对一些尽管不是必须选择件,但如果价格不高,对使用带来很多方便,也应尽量选用。不能因为少一个价值很低的附件而使昂贵的机床运行时产生不便。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、需要注意的问题注意功能与加工的适应性虽然加工中心可进行钻、铣、镗等多种加工。但是在具体选择时,还应根据需要考虑机床功能是否适应。要注意以下几点:</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">&nbsp;(1)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">进行复杂曲线加工:要考虑</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">CNC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">是否有所需要的曲线插补功能,或选择什么方式逼近加工曲线并保证要求的粗糙度。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">&nbsp;(2)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">进行三维加工:要考虑选择适合的刀具结构,还要考虑程序编制的能力。有的还必须配备自动编程装置或后置处理编程装置。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US>(3)</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">进行螺纹切削</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">非攻丝方式</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">:不仅要看是否有螺纹切削功能、螺旋线插补功能和主轴转动与进给同步功能,还要考虑机床是否有径向进给装置、是否有主轴在旋转方向上任意角度位置准确定位功能。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体-方正超大字符集; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体-方正超大字符集; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体-方正超大字符集">?</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">则,仅在数控系统中用了螺纹切削功能仍然无法进行螺纹切削。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(4)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">锥孔加工</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">非成形加工方式</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">:机床要具有三坐标联动功能或刀具要有径向进给功能。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(5)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">采用金刚铰、浮动镗和挤压加工等特种加工:既要考虑适宜自动换刀的条件,又要考虑选择合适的刀具结构和切削用量。尽可能在购买主机时一并购置部分易损部件及其它附件。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(6)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">如果企业有应用</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">DNC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">FMS</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">CIMS</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的规划,或要进行网络制造:要注意通讯功能,选择具有</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">RS<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="True" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="232" UnitName="C">-232C</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、甚至</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">MAP(manufacturing automation protocol)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">网络通讯接口的系统。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(7)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">注意供货商:是否具有良好的技术服务能力,如程序编制人员、操作人员、机械和电气维修人员的培训,一定期限的</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">←</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">保修,长期迅速的维修服务,供货方协助对典型工件做工艺分析,进行加工可行性工艺试验、试切工件以及承担成套技术服务,直至全面投入生产。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(8)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">机床运转的可靠性决定了机床的全部质量:加工中心使用中,故障发生时间远远早于轴承的第一次更换期。数控系统由于某一块插件板故障造成停机数月的现象不少见,一个传感器失效造成机床丧失部分功能也多有发生。在现有的条件下,用户选型过程中,可通过对老用户进行走访,多了解机床的一些使用情况。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt">(9)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">机床的噪声和造型:绿色制造和清洁生产是现代化制造重要的内容之一。对于机床噪声,各国都有明确的标准。目前声音品质也被列为评价机床质量的标准之一。不少机床不但控制噪声等级,而且对杂音控制也提出了要求。即机床运转时,除噪声等级不允许超标外,还不应该有不悦耳杂音产生。不悦耳杂音一般指虽不超出噪声标准规定的等级,但是却可以听到的怪异音响。机床造型也可以统称为机床的观感质量,机床造型技术是人机工程学在机床行业的实际应用。机床造型对工业安全、人体卫生和生产效率产生着潜在的,但又非常重要的影响。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LETTER-SPACING: 1.3pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>

johnsome 发表于 2006-12-27 15:07:03

Re: 机床加工中心的选型

设备的选型对生产线布置和生产能力、生产适应性很重要,而且对工人的影响也较大,是在采购之前应多方面调研和考察的。

哈雷 发表于 2007-8-21 23:24:20

Re: 机床加工中心的选型

是一篇不错的文章,但是密密麻麻看完之后我眼睛都花了,所以我把这篇文章复制到Word中重新排版在上传上来,给大家下载。

frinkpu 发表于 2015-9-18 22:39:43

这篇文章介绍的很详细,感谢楼主的成果。

liqiang260 发表于 2015-9-21 20:17:32

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