步进电机原理及使用说明
<FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">一、前言</SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件。在非超载的情况下，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数，而不受负载变化的影响，即给电机加一个脉冲信号，电机则转过一个步距角。这一线性关系的存在，加上步进电机只有周期性的误差而无累积误差等特点。使得在速度、位置等控制领域用步进电机来控制变的非常的简单。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">虽然步进电机已被广泛地应用，但步进电机并不能象普通的直流电机，交流电机在常规下使用。它必须由双环形脉冲信号、功率驱动电路等组成控制系统方可使用。因此用好步进电机却非易事，它涉及到机械、电机、电子及计算机等许多专业知识。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">目前<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>生产步进电机的厂家的确不少，但具有专业技术人员，能够自行开发，研制的厂家却非常少，大部分的厂家只一、二十人，连最基本的设备都没有。仅仅处于一种盲目的仿制阶段。这就给用户在产品选型、使用中造成许多麻烦。签于上述情况，我们决定以广泛的感应子式步进电机为例。叙述其基本工作原理。望能对广大用户在选型、使用、及整机改进时有所帮助。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">二、感应子式步进电机工作原理</SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black">（一）反应式步进电机原理</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black">由于反应式步进电机工作原理比较简单。下面先叙述三相反应式步进电机原理。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、结构：</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">电机转子均匀分布着很多小齿，定子齿有三个励磁绕阻，其几何轴线依次分别与转子齿轴线错开。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">0</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、<SPAN lang=EN-US>2/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">,</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">（相邻两转子齿轴线间的距离为齿距以</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">表示），即<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>与齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>相对齐，<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>与齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>向右错开<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">，<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>与齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>向右错开<SPAN lang=EN-US>2/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">，<SPAN lang=EN-US>A'</SPAN>与齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>相对齐，（<SPAN lang=EN-US>A'</SPAN>就是<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>，齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>就是齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）下面是定转子的展开图：</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><IMG src="D:\001.bmp"></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、旋转：</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">如<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>相通电，<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>相不通电时，由于磁场作用，齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>与<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>对齐，（转子不受任何力以下均同）。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">如<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>相通电，<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>相不通电时，齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>应与<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>对齐，此时转子向右移过<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">，此时齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>与<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>偏移为<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">，齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>与<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>偏移（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">-1/3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">）<SPAN lang=EN-US>=2/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black">如<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>相通电，<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>相不通电，齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>应与<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>对齐，此时转子又向右移过<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">，此时齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>与<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>偏移为<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">对齐。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT color=#000000> <SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>如<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>相通电，<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>相不通电，齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>与<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>对齐，转子又向右移过<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">这样经过<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>分别通电状态，齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>（即齿<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>前一齿）移到<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>相，电机转子向右转过一个齿距，如果不断地按<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>A……</SPAN>通电，电机就每步（每脉冲）<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>向右旋转</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">。如按<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>A……</SPAN>通电，电机就反转。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">由此可见：电机的位置和速度由导电次数（脉冲数）和频率成一一对应关系。而方向由导电顺序决定。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">不过，出于对力矩、平稳、噪音及减少角度等方面考虑。往往采用<SPAN lang=EN-US>A-AB-B-BC</SPAN>－<SPAN lang=EN-US>C-CA-A</SPAN>这种导电状态，这样将原来每步<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">改变为<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/6</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">甚至于通过二相电流不同的组合，使其<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">变为<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/12</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1/24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">，这就是电机细分驱动的基本理论依据。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">不难推出：电机定子上有<SPAN lang=EN-US>m</SPAN>相励磁绕阻，其轴线分别与转子齿轴线偏移<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/m,2/m……(m-1)/m,1</SPAN>。并且导电按一定的相序电机就能正反转被控制<SPAN lang=EN-US>——</SPAN>这是步进电机旋转的物理条件。只要符合这一条件我们理论上可以制造任何相的步进电机，出于成本等多方面考虑，市场上一般以二、三、四、五相为多。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、力矩：</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">电机一旦通电，在定转子间将产生磁场（磁通量</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Ф</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">）当转子与定子错开一定角度产生力</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">F</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">与（<SPAN lang=EN-US>d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Ф<SPAN lang=EN-US>/d</SPAN>θ）成正比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><IMG src="D:\002.bmp"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">S</SPAN></P><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=宋体>其磁通量Ф<SPAN lang=EN-US>=Br*S </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Br</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">为磁密，<SPAN lang=EN-US>S</SPAN>为导磁面积<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> F</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">与<SPAN lang=EN-US>L*D*Br</SPAN>成正比</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> L</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">为铁芯有效长度，<SPAN lang=EN-US>D</SPAN>为转子直径</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> Br=N</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">I/R</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>N</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·</SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">I</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">为励磁绕阻安匝数（电流乘匝数）<SPAN lang=EN-US>R</SPAN>为磁阻。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋体 size=3>力矩<SPAN lang=EN-US>=</SPAN>力<SPAN lang=EN-US>*</SPAN>半径</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋体 size=3>力矩与电机有效体积<SPAN lang=EN-US>*</SPAN>安匝数<SPAN lang=EN-US>*</SPAN>磁密成正比（只考虑线性状态）</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋体 size=3>因此，电机有效体积越大，励磁安匝数越大，定转子间气隙越小，电机力矩越大，反之亦然。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">（二）感应子式步进电机</SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">、特点：</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> <SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">感应子式步进电机与传统的反应式步进电机相比，结构上转子加有永磁体，以提供软磁材料的工作点，而定子激磁只需提供变化的磁场而不必提供磁材料工作点的耗能，因此该电机效率高，电流小，发热低。因永磁体的存在，该电机具有较强的反电势，其自身阻尼作用比较好，使其在运转过程中比较平稳、噪音低、低频振动小。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体> <SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋体 size=3>感应子式步进电机某种程度上可以看作是低速同步电机。一个四相电机可以作四相运行，也可以作二相运行。（必须采用双极电压驱动），而反应式电机则不能如此。例如：四相，八相运行（<SPAN lang=EN-US>A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A</SPAN>）完全可以采用二相八拍运行方式<SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN>不难发现其条件为</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>C=</FONT><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT face=宋体> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></FONT></FONT></FONT></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75" o:button="t" target="_blank" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif" alt=""><v:imagedata o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋体 size=3>,D=</FONT><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 style="WIDTH: 11.25pt; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75" o:button="t" target="_blank" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif" alt=""><FONT size=3><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT face=宋体> <v:imagedata o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif"></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋体 size=3>. </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋体 size=3>一个二相电机的内部绕组与四相电机完全一致，小功率电机一般直接接为二相，而功率大一点的电机，为了方便使用，灵活改变电机的动态特点，往往将其外部接线为八根引线（四相），这样使用时，既可以作四相电机使用，可以作二相电机绕组串联或并联使用。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">、分类</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US> <SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">感应子式步进电机以相数可分为：二相电机、三相电机、四相电机、五相电机等。以机座号（电机外径）可分为：<SPAN lang=EN-US>42BYG(BYG</SPAN>为感应子式步进电机代号）、<SPAN lang=EN-US>57BYG</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>86BYG</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>110BYG</SPAN>、（国际标准），而像<SPAN lang=EN-US>70BYG</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>90BYG</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>130BYG</SPAN>等均为国内标准。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">、步进电机的静态指标术语</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>相数：产生不同对极<SPAN lang=EN-US>N</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>S</SPAN>磁场的激磁线圈对数。常用<SPAN lang=EN-US>m</SPAN>表示。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>拍数：完成一个磁场周期性变化所需脉冲数或导电状态用<SPAN lang=EN-US>n</SPAN>表示，或指电机转过一个齿距角所需脉冲数，以四相电机为例，有四相四拍运行方式即<SPAN lang=EN-US>AB-BC-CD-DA-AB</SPAN>，四相八拍运行方式即<SPAN lang=EN-US> A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>步距角：对应一个脉冲信号，电机转子转过的角位移用<SPAN lang=EN-US>θ</SPAN>表示。<SPAN lang=EN-US>θ=360</SPAN>度（转子齿数<SPAN lang=EN-US>J*</SPAN>运行拍数），以常规二、四相，转子齿为<SPAN lang=EN-US>50</SPAN>齿电机为例。四拍运行时步距角为<SPAN lang=EN-US>θ=360</SPAN>度<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>（<SPAN lang=EN-US>50*4</SPAN>）<SPAN lang=EN-US>=1.8</SPAN>度（俗称整步），八拍运行时步距角为<SPAN lang=EN-US>θ=360</SPAN>度<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>（<SPAN lang=EN-US>50*8</SPAN>）<SPAN lang=EN-US>=0.9</SPAN>度（俗称半步）。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>定位转矩：电机在不通电状态下，电机转子自身的锁定力矩（由磁场齿形的谐波以及机械误差造成的）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>静转矩：电机在额定静态电作用下，电机不作旋转运动时，电机转轴的锁定力矩。此力矩是衡量电机体积（几何尺寸）的标准，与驱动电压及驱动电源等无关。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">虽然静转矩与电磁激磁安匝数成正比，与定齿转子间的气隙有关，但过份采用减小气隙，增加激磁安匝来提高静力矩是不可取的，这样会造成电机的发热及机械噪音。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">、步进电机动态指标及术语</SPAN><FONT face=宋体>：</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、步距角精度：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步进电机每转过一个步距角的实际值与理论值的误差。用百分比表示：误差<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>步距角<SPAN lang=EN-US>*100%</SPAN>。不同运行拍数其值不同，四拍运行时应在<SPAN lang=EN-US>5%</SPAN>之内，八拍运行时应在<SPAN lang=EN-US>15%</SPAN>以内。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、失步：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">电机运转时运转的步数，不等于理论上的步数。称之为失步。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、失调角：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">转子齿轴线偏移定子齿轴线的角度，电机运转必存在失调角，由失调角产生的误差，采用细分驱动是不能解决的。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、最大空载起动频率：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">电机在某种驱动形式、电压及额定电流下，在不加负载的情况下，能够直接起动的最大频率。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、最大空载的运行频率：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">电机在某种驱动形式，电压及额定电流下，电机不带负载的最高转速频率。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">6</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、运行矩频特性：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">电机在某种测试条件下测得运行中输出力矩与频率关系的曲线称为运行矩频特性，这是电机诸多动态曲线中最重要的，也是电机选择的根本依据。如下图所示：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><IMG src="D:\003.bmp"></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>其它特性还有惯频特性、起动频率特性等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">电机一旦选定，电机的静力矩确定，而动态力矩却不然，电机的动态力矩取决于电机运行时的平均电流（而非静态电流），平均电流越大，电机输出力矩越大，即电机的频率特性越硬。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>如下图所示：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><IMG src="D:\004.bmp"></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>其中，曲线<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>电流最大、或电压最高<SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN>曲线<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>电流最小、或电压最低，曲线与负载的交点为负载的最大速度点。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>要使平均电流大，尽可能提高驱动电压，使采用小电感大电流的电机。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、电机的共振点：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步进电机均有固定的共振区域，二、四相感应子式步进电机的共振区一般在<SPAN lang=EN-US>180-250pps</SPAN>之间（步距角<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.8</SPAN>度）或在<SPAN lang=EN-US>400pps</SPAN>左右（步距角为<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度），电机驱动电压越高，电机电流越大，负载越轻，电机体积越小，则共振区向上偏移，反之亦然，为使电机输出电矩大，不失步和整个系统的噪音降低，一般工作点均应偏移共振区较多。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> 8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、电机正反转控制：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋体 size=3> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋体 size=3>当电机绕组通电时序为<SPAN lang=EN-US>AB-BC-CD-DA</SPAN>或</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>(<IMG src="D:\005.bmp"></FONT><FONT face=宋体 size=3>)</FONT></SPAN><FONT face=宋体 size=3>时为正转，通电时序为<SPAN lang=EN-US>DA-CA-BC-AB</SPAN>或</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>(<IMG src="D:\006.bmp"></FONT><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/H.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋体 size=3>)</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>时为反转。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">三、驱动控制系统组成</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">使用、控制步进电机必须由环形脉冲，功率放大等组成的控制系统，其方框图如下：</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><IMG src="D:\007.bmp"></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、脉冲信号的产生。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">脉冲信号一般由单片机或<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU</SPAN>产生，一般脉冲信号的占空比为<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.3-0.4</SPAN>左右，电机转速越高，占空比则越大。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、信号分配<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">我厂生产的感应子式步进电机以二、四相电机为主，二相电机工作方式有二相四拍和二相八拍二种，具体分配如下：二相四拍为<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/G.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><FONT color=#0000ff> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></FONT></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 style="WIDTH: 84.75pt; HEIGHT: 19.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75" o:button="t" target="_blank" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/G.gif" alt=""><v:imagedata o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/G.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></A>,</SPAN>步距角为<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.8</SPAN>度；二相八拍为<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 style="WIDTH: 128.25pt; HEIGHT: 21pt" type="#_x0000_t75" o:button="t" target="_blank" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B.gif" alt=""><FONT color=#0000ff> <v:imagedata o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif"></v:imagedata></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></A>,</SPAN>步距角为<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度。四相电机工作方式也有二种，四相四拍为<SPAN lang=EN-US>AB-BC-CD-DA-AB,</SPAN>步距角为<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.8</SPAN>度；四相八拍为<SPAN lang=EN-US>AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-AB,(</SPAN>步距角为<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度）。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、功率放大<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">功率放大是驱动系统最为重要的部分。步进电机在一定转速下的转矩取决于它的动态平均电流而非静态电流（而样本上的电流均为静态电流）。平均电流越大电机力矩越大，要达到平均电流大这就需要驱动系统尽量克服电机的反电势。因而不同的场合采取不同的的驱动方式，到目前为止，驱动方式一般有以下几种：恒压、恒压串电阻、高低压驱动、恒流、细分数等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">为尽量提高电机的动态性能，将信号分配、功率放大组成步进电机的驱动电源。我厂生产的<SPAN lang=EN-US>SH</SPAN>系列二相恒流斩波驱动电源与单片机及电机接线图如下：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><IMG src="D:\008.bmp"></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black">说明：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> CP </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">接<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU</SPAN>脉冲信号（负信号，低电平有效）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> OPTO </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">接<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU+5V<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> FREE </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">脱机，与<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU</SPAN>地线相接，驱动电源不工作<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> DIR </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">方向控制，与<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU</SPAN>地线相接，电机反转<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> VCC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">直流电源正端<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">GND </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">直流电源负端<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> A </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">接电机引出线红线<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> <A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><FONT color=#0000ff> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></FONT></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75" o:button="t" target="_blank" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif" alt=""><v:imagedata o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></A> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">接电机引出线绿线<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> B </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">接电机引出线黄线<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> <A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 style="WIDTH: 11.25pt; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75" o:button="t" target="_blank" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif" alt=""><v:imagedata o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></A> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">接电机引出线蓝线<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步进电机一经定型，其性能取决于电机的驱动电源。步进电机转速越高，力距越大则要求电机的电流越大，驱动电源的电压越高。电压对力矩影响如下：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><IMG src="D:\009.bmp"></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、细分驱动器<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">在步进电机步距角不能满足使用的条件下，可采用细分驱动器来驱动步进电机，细分驱动器的原理是通过改变相邻（<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>）电流的大小，以改变合成磁场的夹角来控制步进电机运转的。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><IMG src="D:\010.bmp"></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">四、步进电机的应用</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black">（一）步进电机的选择<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步进电机有步距角（涉及到相数）、静转矩、及电流三大要素组成。一旦三大要素确定，步进电机的型号便确定下来了。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、步距角的选择<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">电机的步距角取决于负载精度的要求，将负载的最小分辨率（当量）换算到电机轴上，每个当量电机应走多少角度（包括减速）。电机的步距角应等于或小于此角度。目前市场上步进电机的步距角一般有<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.36</SPAN>度<SPAN lang=EN-US>/0.72</SPAN>度（五相电机）、<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度<SPAN lang=EN-US>/1.8</SPAN>度（二、四相电机）、<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.5</SPAN>度<SPAN lang=EN-US>/3</SPAN>度（三相电机）等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、静力矩的选择<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步进电机的动态力矩一下子很难确定，我们往往先确定电机的静力矩。静力矩选择的依据是电机工作的负载，而负载可分为惯性负载和摩擦负载二种。单一的惯性负载和单一的摩擦负载是不存在的。直接起动时（一般由低速）时二种负载均要考虑，加速起动时主要考虑惯性负载，恒速运行进只要考虑摩擦负载。一般情况下，静力矩应为摩擦负载的<SPAN lang=EN-US>2-3</SPAN>倍内好，静力矩一旦选定，电机的机座及长度便能确定下来（几何尺寸）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、电流的选择<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">静力矩一样的电机，由于电流参数不同，其运行特性差别很大，可依据矩频特性曲线图，判断电机的电流（参考驱动电源、及驱动电压）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">综上所述选择电机一般应遵循以下步骤：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><IMG src="D:\011.bmp"></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、力矩与功率换算<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black">步进电机一般在较大范围内调速使用、其功率是变化的，一般只用力矩来衡量，力矩与功率换算如下：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black"> P=</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black">Ω</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN lang=EN-US>M</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black"> Ω=2π·n/60</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black"> P=2πnM/60</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">其<SPAN lang=EN-US>P</SPAN>为功率单位为瓦</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Ω</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">为每秒角速度，单位为弧度，<SPAN lang=EN-US>n</SPAN>为每分钟转速，<SPAN lang=EN-US>M</SPAN>为力矩单位为牛顿</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·米</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> P=2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">π<SPAN lang=EN-US>fM/400(</SPAN>半步工作）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">其中<SPAN lang=EN-US>f</SPAN>为每秒脉冲数</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">（</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">简称<SPAN lang=EN-US>PPS)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">二）、</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">应用中的注意点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">、</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">步进电机应用于低速场合<SPAN lang=EN-US>---</SPAN>每分钟转速不超过<SPAN lang=EN-US>1000</SPAN>转，（<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度时<SPAN lang=EN-US>6666PPS)</SPAN>，最好在<SPAN lang=EN-US>1000-3000PPS(0.9</SPAN>度）间使用，可通过减速装置使其在此间工作，此时电机工作效率高，噪音低。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">、</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">步进电机最好不使用整步状态，整步状态时振动大。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">、</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">由于历史原因，只有标称为<SPAN lang=EN-US>12V</SPAN>电压的电机使用<SPAN lang=EN-US>12V</SPAN>外，其他电机的电压值不是驱动电压伏值 ，可根据驱动器选择驱动电压（建议：<SPAN lang=EN-US>57BYG</SPAN>采用直流<SPAN lang=EN-US>24V-36V</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>86BYG</SPAN>采用直流<SPAN lang=EN-US>50V,110BYG</SPAN>采用高于直流<SPAN lang=EN-US>80V</SPAN>），当然<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>伏的电压除<SPAN lang=EN-US>12V</SPAN>恒压驱动外也可以采用其他驱动电源， 不过要考虑温升。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">、</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">转动惯量大的负载应选择大机座号电机。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">、电机在较高速或大惯量负载时，一般不在工作速度起动，而采用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">逐渐升频提速，一电机不失步，二可以减少噪音同时可以提高停止的定位精度。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">、</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">高精度时，应通过机械减速、提高电机速度<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>或采用高细分数的驱动器来解决，也可以采用<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>相电机，不过其整个系统的价格较贵，生产厂家少，其被淘汰的说法是外行话。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、电机不应在振动区内工作，如若必须可通过改变电压、电流或加一些阻尼的解决。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、电机在<SPAN lang=EN-US>600PPS</SPAN>（<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度）以下工作，应采用小电流、大电感、低电压来驱动。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、应遵循先选电机后选驱动的原则。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> </P></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> </P></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT>
Re: 步进电机原理及使用说明
很详细，但图片看不到Re: 步进电机原理及使用说明
现在我把详细资料再上传一份！Re: 步进电机原理及使用说明
看了,非常的棒,小弟非常的佩服楼主已经收场了!