接近开关的工作原理
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、概述</SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接近传感器可以在不与目标物实际接触的情况下检测靠近传感器的金属目标物。根据操作原理，接近传感器大致可以分为以下三类：利用电磁感应的高频振荡型，使用磁铁的磁力型和利用电容变化的电容型。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特性：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">●<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">非接触检测，避免了对传感器自身和目标物的损坏。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">●<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无触点输出，操作寿命长。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">●<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即使在有水或油喷溅的苛刻环境中也能稳定检测。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">●<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">反应速度快。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">●<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小型感测头，安装灵活。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、类型</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）按配置来分</SPAN></P>
<P><A><A href="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/20061011183311519.jpg" target=_blank><IMG title=点击在新窗口查看原始图片 style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; WIDTH: 475px; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; HEIGHT: 246px; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" height=983 src="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/20061011183311519.jpg" width=1308 onload="java_script_:if(this.width>500)this.width=500" border=0></A> </A></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、按检测方法分</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">●通用型：主要检测黑色金属（铁）。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">●所有金属型：在相同的检测距离内检测任何金属。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">●有色金属型：主要检测铝一类的有色金属。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、高频振荡型接近传感器的工作原理</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">电感式接近传感器由高频振荡、检波、放大、触发及输出电路等组成。振荡器在传感器检测面产生一个交变电磁场，当金属物体接近传感器检测面时，金属中产生的涡流吸收了振荡器的能量，使振荡减弱以至停振。振荡器的振荡及停振这二种状态，转换为电信号通过整形放大转换成二进制的开关信号，经功率放大后输出。下面为详细介绍：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）通用型接近传感器的工作原理</SPAN></P>
<P><A href="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/20061011183515329.jpg" target=_blank><IMG title=点击在新窗口查看原始图片 style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; WIDTH: 513px; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; HEIGHT: 273px; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" height=240 src="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/20061011183515329.jpg" width=393 onload="java_script_:if(this.width>500)this.width=500" border=0></A></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">振荡电路中的线圈</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">L</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产生一个高频磁场。当目标物接近磁场时，由于电磁感应在目标物中产生一个感应电流（涡电流）。随着目标物接近传感器，感应电流增强，引起振荡电路中的负载加大。然后，振荡减弱直至停止。传感器利用振幅检测电路检测到振荡状态的变化，并输出检测信号。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><A href="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/2006101118366905.jpg" target=_blank><IMG title=点击在新窗口查看原始图片 style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; WIDTH: 496px; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; HEIGHT: 782px; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" height=912 src="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/2006101118366905.jpg" width=496 onload="java_script_:if(this.width>500)this.width=500" border=0></A></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">振幅变化的程度随目标物金属种类的不同而不同，因此检测距离也随目标物金属的种类不同而不同。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）所有金属型传感器的工作原理</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"></SPAN><FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT><A href="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/20061011183515329.jpg" target=_blank><FONT face="宋体, MS Song"><IMG title=点击在新窗口查看原始图片 style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; WIDTH: 532px; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; HEIGHT: 165px; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" height=302 src="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/20061011183515329.jpg" width=532 onload="java_script_:if(this.width>500)this.width=500" border=0></FONT></A></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所有金属型传感器基本上属于高频振荡型。和普通型一样，它也有一个振荡电路，电路中因感应电流在目标物内流动引起的能量损失影响到振荡频率。目标物接近传感器时，不论目标物金属种类如何，振荡频率都会提高。传感器检测到这个变化并输出检测信号。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）有色金属型传感器工作原理</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><A href="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/20061011183515329.jpg" target=_blank><IMG title=点击在新窗口查看原始图片 style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; WIDTH: 479px; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; HEIGHT: 199px; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" height=280 src="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/20061011183515329.jpg" width=532 onload="java_script_:if(this.width>500)this.width=500" border=0></A></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有色金属传感器基本上属于高频振荡型。它有一个振荡电路，电路中因感应电流在目标物内流动引起的能量损失影响到振荡频率的变化。当铝或铜之类的有色金属目标物接近传感器时，振荡频率增高；当铁一类的黑色金属目标物接近传感器时，振荡频率降低。如果振荡频率高于参考频率，传感器输出信号。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、电容式接近传感器的原理</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">电容式接近传感器由高频振荡器和放大器等组成，由传感器的检测面与大地间构成一个电容器，参与振荡回路工作，起始处于振荡状态。当物体接近传感器检测面对，回路的电容量发生变化，使高频振荡器振荡。振荡与停振这二种状态转换为电信号经放大器转化成二进制的开关信号。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、常用术语</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><A><A href="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/20061011183912267.jpg" target=_blank><IMG title=点击在新窗口查看原始图片 style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; WIDTH: 497px; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; HEIGHT: 923px; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" height=907 src="http://blog.gkong.com/uploadfile1/20061011183912267.jpg" width=448 onload="java_script_:if(this.width>500)this.width=500" border=0></A></P>
Re: 接近开关的工作原理
我也想了解电方面的知识，谢谢 谢谢楼主，正想这方面的资料 接近开关可以很容易代替限位开关，好像成本有点高，不过受到机械损伤的可能性要小。 很好的资料 谢谢分享 学习了，很实用 怎么说，也都得赞一个 收下，谢谢 多谢楼主分享
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