houliwei119 发表于 2006-10-20 22:16:39

钢材分类及其有关基础知识

<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">线  材:</SPAN></STRONG><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">普线</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高线</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">螺纹钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">型  材:</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">工字钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">槽钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">角钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">方钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">重轨</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高工钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> H</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">型钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">圆钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">不等边角钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">扁钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">轻轨</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">齿轮钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">六角钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">耐热钢棒</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">合结圆钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">合工圆钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">方管</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">碳工钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">轴承钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">碳结圆钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">不锈圆钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">轴承圆钢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">矩型管</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">弹簧钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">板  材:</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">中厚板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">容器板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">中板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">碳结板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">锅炉板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">低合金板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">花纹板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">冷板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">热板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">冷卷板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">热卷板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">镀锌板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">电镀锌板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">电镀锌卷</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">锰板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">不锈钢板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">硅钢片</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">彩涂板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">彩钢瓦楞铁</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">镀锌卷板</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">热轧带钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">管  材:</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">焊管</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">不锈钢管</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">热镀锌管</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">冷镀锌管</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">无缝管</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">螺旋管</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">热轧无缝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">一、黑色金属、钢和有色金属</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">在介绍钢的分类之前先简单介绍一下黑色金属、钢与有色金属的基本概念。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、黑色金属是指铁和铁的合金。如钢、生铁合金、铸铁等。钢和生铁都是以铁为基础,以碳为主要添加元素的合金,统称为铁碳合金。生铁是指把铁矿石放到高炉中冶炼而成的产品,主要用来炼钢和制造铸件。把铸造生铁放在熔铁炉中熔炼,即得到铸铁(液状),把液状铸铁浇铸成铸件,这种铸铁叫铸铁件。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR><FONT face=宋体>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"><FONT face=宋体>铁合金是由铁与硅、锰、铬、钛等元素组成的合金,铁合金是炼钢的原料之一,在炼钢时做钢的脱氧剂和合金元素添加剂用。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR><FONT face=宋体>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"><FONT face=宋体>、把炼钢用生铁放到炼钢炉内按一定工艺熔炼,即得到钢。钢的产品有钢锭、连铸坯和直接铸成各种钢铸件等。通常所讲的钢,一般是指轧制成各种钢材的钢。钢属于黑色金属但钢不完全等于黑色金属。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR><FONT face=宋体>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3</FONT></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、有色金属又称非铁金属,指除黑色金属外的金属和合金,如铜、锡、铅、锌、铝以及黄铜、青铜、铝合金和轴承合金等。另外在工业上还采用铬、镍、锰、钼、钴、钒、钨、钛等,这些金属主要用作合金附加物,以改善金属的性能,其中钨、钛、钼等多用以生产刀具用的硬质合金。以上这些有色金属都称为工业用金属,此外还有贵重金属:铂、金、银等和稀有金属,包括放射性的铀、镭等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">二、钢的分类</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢是含碳量在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0.04%-2.3%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">之间的铁碳合金。为了保证其韧性和塑性,含碳量一般不超过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">1.7%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。钢的主要元素除铁、碳外,还有硅、锰、硫、磷等。钢的分类方法多种多样,其主要方法有如下七种:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、按品质分类</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(1) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">普通钢(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">P≤0.045%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">S≤0.050%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(2) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">优质钢(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">P</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">S</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">均</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">≤0.035%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(3) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高级优质钢(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">P≤0.035%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">S≤0.030%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">2.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、按化学成份分类</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(1) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">碳素钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">低碳钢(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">C≤0.25%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">);</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">中碳钢(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">C≤0.25~0.60%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">);</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高碳钢(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">C≤0.60%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">合金钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">低合金钢(合金元素总含量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">≤5%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">中合金钢(合金元素总含量></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">5~10%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高合金钢(合金元素总含量></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">10%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、按成形方法分类:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(1) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">锻钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(2) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">铸钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(3) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">热轧钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(4) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">冷拉钢。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、按金相组织分类</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(1) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">退火状态的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">亚共析钢(铁素体</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">+</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">珠光体)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">共析钢(珠光体)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">过共析钢(珠光体</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">+</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">渗碳体)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">d.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">莱氏体钢(珠光体</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">+</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">渗体)。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(2) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">正火状态的:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">珠光体钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">贝氏体钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">马氏体钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">d.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">奥氏体钢。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(3) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">无相变或部分发生相变的</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、按用途分类</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(1) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">建筑及工程用钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">普通碳素结构钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">低合金结构钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢筋钢。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(2) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">结构钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">机械制造用钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(a)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">调质结构钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(b)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表面硬化结构钢:包括渗碳钢、氨钢、表面淬火用钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(c)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">易切结构钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(d)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">冷塑性成形用钢:包括冷冲压用钢、冷镦用钢。 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">弹簧钢 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">轴承钢</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(3) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">工具钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">碳素工具钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">合金工具钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高速工具钢。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(4) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">特殊性能钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">不锈耐酸钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">耐热钢包括抗氧化钢、热强钢、气阀钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">电热合金钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">d.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">耐磨钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">e.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">低温用钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">f.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">电工用钢</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(5) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">专业用钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">如桥梁用钢、船舶用钢、锅炉用钢、压力容器用钢、农机用钢等。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、综合分类</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(1)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">普通钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">碳素结构钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(a) Q195</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(b) Q215(A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">B)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(c) Q235(A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">B</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">C)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(d) Q255(A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">B)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(e) Q275</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">低合金结构钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">特定用途的普通结构钢</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">优质钢(包括高级优质钢)</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">结构钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(a)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">优质碳素结构钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(b)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">合金结构钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(c)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">弹簧钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(d)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">易切钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(e)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">轴承钢;</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">       </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> (f)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">特定用途优质结构钢。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">工具钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(a)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">碳素工具钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(b)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">合金工具钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(c)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高速工具钢。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">特殊性能钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(a)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">不锈耐酸钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(b)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">耐热钢;</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">       </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> (c)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">电热合金钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(d)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">电工用钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(e)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高锰耐磨钢。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、按冶炼方法分类</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(1) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">按炉种分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">平炉钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">:(a)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">酸性平炉钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(b)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">碱性平炉钢。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">        </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">转炉钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">:(a)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">酸性转炉钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">;(b)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">碱性转炉钢。或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> (a)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">底吹转炉钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">;(b)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">侧吹转炉钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(c)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">顶吹转炉钢。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">        </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">c.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">电炉钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">:(a)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">电弧炉钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(b)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">电渣炉钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(c)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">感应炉钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(d)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">真空自耗炉钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(e)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">电子束炉钢。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">按脱氧程度和浇注制度分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">a.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">沸腾钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">半镇静钢;镇静钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">d.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">特殊镇静钢。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align=right><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><A href="http://www.ssec-steel.com/book/#k4#k4"><FONT face=宋体><FONT color=#0000ff>&gt;&gt; <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"><SPAN lang=EN-US>返回</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><A name=k2></A><FONT size=3><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">什么是特殊钢?</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><FONT face=宋体>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"><FONT face=宋体>对特殊钢尚无统一的定义和概念,一般认为特殊钢是指具有特殊的化学成分(合金化)、采用特殊的工艺生产、具备特殊的组织和性能、能够满足特殊需要的钢类。与普通钢相比,特殊钢具有更高的强度和韧性、物理性能、化学性能、生物相容性和工艺性能。</FONT></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">我国与日本、欧盟对特殊钢的定义比较接近,将特殊钢分成优质碳素钢、合金钢、高合金钢(合金元素大于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">%)三大类,其中合金钢和高合金钢占特殊钢产量的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">70</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">%。主要钢种优特殊碳素结构钢、碳素工具钢、碳素弹簧钢、合金弹簧钢、合金结构钢、滚珠轴承钢、合金工具钢、高合金工具钢、高速工具钢、不锈钢、耐热钢,以及高温合金、精密合金、电热合金等。目前世界上有近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">2000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">个特殊钢牌号、约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">50000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">个品种规格。特殊钢除了种类繁多之外,在规格上也表现出与普通钢不同的特点。除了板、管、丝、带、棒和异型材之外,还有复合材、表面合金化材、表面处理材、精锻材、精密铸件、粉末冶金制品等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">一、我国钢号表示方法概述</SPAN></STRONG><FONT face=宋体><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢的牌号简称钢号,是对每一种具体钢产品所取的名称,是人们了解钢的一种共同语言。我国的钢号表示方法,根据国家标准</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">《钢铁产品牌号表示方法》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">GB221-79</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)中规定,采用汉语拼音字母、化学元素符号和阿拉伯数字相结合的方法表示。即:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号中化学元素采用国际化学符号表示,例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">Si,Mn,Cr……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">等。混合稀土元素用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“RE”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“Xt”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)表示。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">产品名称、用途、冶炼和浇注方法等,一般采用汉语拼音的缩写字母表示。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢中主要化学元素含量(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)采用阿拉伯数字表示。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">二、我国钢号表示方法的分类说明</SPAN></STRONG><FONT face=宋体><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">.碳素结构钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">Q+</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">数字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">+</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">质量等级符号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">+</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">脱氧方法符号组成。它的钢号冠以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“Q”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,代表钢材的屈服点,后面的数字表示屈服点数值,单位是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">MPa</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">Q235</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示屈服点(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">σs</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">235 MPa</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">的碳素结构钢。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">必要时钢号后面可标出表示质量等级和脱氧方法的符号。质量等级符号分别为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">B</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">C</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">D</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。脱氧方法符号:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">F</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示沸腾钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">b</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示半镇静钢:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">Z</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示镇静钢;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">TZ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示特殊镇静钢,镇静钢可不标符号,即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">Z</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">TZ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">都可不标。例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">Q235-AF</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">级沸腾钢。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">专门用途的碳素钢,例如桥梁钢、船用钢等,基本上采用碳素结构钢的表示方法,但在钢号最后附加表示用途的字母。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">.优质碳素结构钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号开头的两位数字表示钢的碳含量,以平均碳含量的万分之几表示,例如平均碳含量为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0.45%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">的钢,钢号为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“45”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,它不是顺序号,所以不能读成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">45</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">号钢。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">锰含量较高的优质碳素结构钢,应将锰元素标出,例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">50Mn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">沸腾钢、半镇静钢及专门用途的优质碳素结构钢应在钢号最后特别标出,例如平均碳含量为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0.1%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">的半镇静钢,其钢号为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">10b</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR><FONT face=宋体>3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"><FONT face=宋体>.碳素工具钢</FONT></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号冠以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“T”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,以免与其他钢类相混。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号中的数字表示碳含量,以平均碳含量的千分之几表示。例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“T8”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示平均碳含量为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0.8%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">锰含量较高者,在钢号最后标出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“Mn”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“T8Mn”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">④</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高级优质碳素工具钢的磷、硫含量,比一般优质碳素工具钢低,在钢号最后加注字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“A”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,以示区别,例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“T8MnA”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR><FONT face=宋体>4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"><FONT face=宋体>.易切削钢</FONT></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号冠以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“Y”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,以区别于优质碳素结构钢。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“Y”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">后的数字表示碳含量,以平均碳含量的万分之几表示,例如平均碳含量为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0.3%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">的易切削钢,其钢号为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“Y30”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">锰含量较高者,亦在钢号后标出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“Mn”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“Y40Mn”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">.合金结构钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号开头的两位数字表示钢的碳含量,以平均碳含量的万分之几表示,如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">40Cr</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢中主要合金元素,除个别微合金元素外,一般以百分之几表示。当平均合金含量<</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">1.5%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">时,钢号中一般只标出元素符号,而不标明含量,但在特殊情况下易致混淆者,在元素符号后亦可标以数字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“1”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,例如钢号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“12CrMoV”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“12Cr1MoV”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,前者铬含量为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0.4-0.6%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,后者为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0.9-1.2%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,其余成分全部相同。当合金元素平均含量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">≥1.5%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">≥2.5%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">≥3.5%……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">时,在元素符号后面应标明含量,可相应表示为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">4……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">等。例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">18Cr2Ni4WA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢中的钒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">V</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、钛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">Ti</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、铝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">AL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、硼</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">B</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、稀土</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">RE</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">等合金元素,均属微合金元素,虽然含量很低,仍应在钢号中标出。例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">20MnVB</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢中。钒为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0.07-0.12%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,硼为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0.001-0.005%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">④</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高级优质钢应在钢号最后加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“A”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,以区别于一般优质钢。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">⑤</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">专门用途的合金结构钢,钢号冠以(或后缀)代表该钢种用途的符号。例如铆螺专用的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">30CrMnSi</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢,钢号表示为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">ML30CrMnSi</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">.低合金高强度钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号的表示方法,基本上和合金结构钢相同。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">对专业用低合金高强度钢,应在钢号最后标明。例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">16Mn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢,用于桥梁的专用钢种为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“16Mnq”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,汽车大梁的专用钢种为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“16MnL”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,压力容器的专用钢种为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“16MnR”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR><FONT face=宋体>7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"><FONT face=宋体>.弹簧钢</FONT></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">弹簧钢按化学成分可分为碳素弹簧钢和合金弹簧钢两类,其钢号表示方法,前者基本上与优质碳素结构钢相同,后者基本上与合金结钢相同。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">.滚动轴承钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号冠以字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“G”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,表示滚动轴承钢类。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高碳铬轴承钢钢号的碳含量不标出,铬含量以千分之几表示例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">GCr15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。渗碳轴承钢的钢号表示方法,基本上和合金结构钢相同。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">.合金工具钢和高速工具钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">合金工具钢钢号的平均碳含量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">≥1.0%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">时,不标出碳含量;当平均碳含量<</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">1.0%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">时,以千分之几表示。例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">Cr12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">CrWMn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">9SiCr</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">3Cr2W8V</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢中合金元素含量的表示方法,基本上与合金结构钢相同。但对铬含量较低的合金工具钢钢号,其铬含量以千分之几表示,并在表示含量的数字前加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“0”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,以便把它和一般元素含量按百分之几表示的方法区别开来。例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">Cr06</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高速工具钢的钢号一般不标出碳含量,只标出各种合金元素平均含量的百分之几。例如钨系高速钢的钢号表示为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“W18Cr4V”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。钢号冠以字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“C”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">者,表示其碳含量高于未冠</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“C”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">的通用钢号。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">.不锈钢和耐热钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号中碳含量以千分之几表示。例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“2Cr13”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢的平均碳含量为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0.2%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">;若钢中含碳量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">≤0.03%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">≤0.08%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号前分别冠以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“00”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“0”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示之,例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">00Cr17Ni14Mo2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">0Cr18 Ni9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">等。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">对钢中主要合金元素以百分之几表示,而钛、铌、锆、氮</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">等则按上述合金结构钢对微合金元素的表示方法标出。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">.焊条钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">它的钢号前冠以字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“H”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,以区别于其他钢类。例如不锈钢焊丝为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“H2Cr13”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">,可以区别于不锈钢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“2Cr13”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">.电工用硅钢</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号由字母和数字组成。钢号头部字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">DR</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示电工用热轧硅钢,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">DW</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示电工用冷轧无取向硅钢,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">DQ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示电工用冷轧取向硅钢。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">字母之后的数字表示铁损值(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">W/kg</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">100</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">倍。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">钢号尾部加字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“G”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">者,表示在高频率下检验的;未加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“G”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">者,表示在频率为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">50</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">周波下检验的。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">例如钢号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">DW470</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示电工用冷轧无取向硅钢产品在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">50</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">赫频率时的最大单位重量铁损值为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">4.7W/kg</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR>13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">.电工用纯铁</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">它的牌号由字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“DT”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">和数字组成,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">“DT”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">表示电工用纯铁,数字表示不同牌号的顺序号,例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">DT3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">在数字后面所加的字母表示电磁性能:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">A——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">高级、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">E——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">特级、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">C——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">超级,例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">DT8A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align=right><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><A href="http://www.ssec-steel.com/book/#k4#k4"><FONT face=宋体><FONT color=#0000ff>&gt;&gt; <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"><SPAN lang=EN-US>返回</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><A name=k3></A><FONT size=3><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">理论重量计算方法</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">角钢:每米重量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">=0.00785*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(边宽</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">+</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">边宽</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">边厚)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">边厚</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">圆钢:每米重量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">=0.00617*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">直径</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">直径</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">螺纹钢和圆钢相同</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">)<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">扁钢:每米重量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">=0.00785*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">厚度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">边宽</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">管材:每米重量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">=0.02466*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">壁厚</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(外径</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">壁厚)</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">板材:每米重量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">=7.85*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">厚度</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">黄铜管:每米重量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">=0.02670*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">壁厚</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(外径</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">壁厚)</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">紫铜管:每米重量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">=0.02796*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">壁厚</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(外径</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">壁厚)</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">铝花纹板:每平方米重量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">=2.96*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">厚度</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">有色金属比重:紫铜板</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">8.9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">黄铜板</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">8.5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">锌板</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">7.2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">铅板</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">11.37<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">有色金属板材的计算公式为:每平方米重量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">=</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">比重</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">厚度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align=right><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><A href="http://www.ssec-steel.com/book/#k4#k4"><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT face=宋体>&gt;&gt; </FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"><SPAN lang=EN-US>返<SPAN lang=EN-US>回</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><A name=k5></A><FONT size=3><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">对钢材性能产生影响的元素</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  钢材的质量及性能是根据需要而确定的,不同的需要,要有不同的元素含量.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 1 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)碳;含碳量越高,刚的硬度就越高,但是它的可塑性和韧性就越差.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 2 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)硫;是钢中的有害杂物,含硫较高的钢在高温进行压力加工时,容易脆裂,通常叫作热脆性.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 3 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)磷;能使钢的可塑性及韧性明显下降,特别的在低温下更为严重,这种现象叫作冷脆性.在优质钢中,硫和磷要严格控制.但从另方面看,在低碳钢中含有较高的硫和磷,能使其切削易断,对改善钢的可切削性是有利的.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 4 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)锰;能提高钢的强度,能消弱和消除硫的不良影响,并能提高钢的淬透性,含锰量很高的高合金钢(高锰钢)具有良好的耐磨性和其它的物理性能.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 5 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)硅;它可以提高钢的硬度,但是可塑性和韧性下降,电工用的钢中含有一定量的硅,能改善软磁性能.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 6 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)钨;能提高钢的红硬性和热强性,并能提高钢的耐磨性.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 7 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)铬;能提高钢的淬透性和耐磨性,能改善钢的抗腐蚀能力和抗氧化作用.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 8 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)钒;能细化钢的晶粒组织,提高钢的强度,韧性和耐磨性.当它在高温熔入奥氏体时,可增加钢的淬透性;反之,当它在碳化物形态存在时,就会降低它的淬透性.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 9 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)钼;可明显的提高钢的淬透性和热强性,防止回火脆性,提高剩磁和娇顽力.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 10 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)钛;能细化钢的晶粒组织,从而提高钢的强度和韧性.在不锈钢中,钛能消除或减轻钢的晶间腐蚀现象.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 11 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)镍;能提高钢的强度和韧性,提高淬透性.含量高时,可显著改变钢和合金的一些物理性能,提高钢的抗腐蚀能力.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 12 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)硼;当钢中含有微量的(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 0.001 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 0.005 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">%)硼时,钢的淬透性可以成倍的提高.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 13 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)铝;能细化钢的晶粒组织,阻抑低碳钢的时效.提高钢在低温下的韧性,还能提高钢的抗氧化性,提高钢的耐磨性和疲劳强度等.</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> 14 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">)铜;它的突出作用是改善普通低合金钢的抗大气腐蚀性能,特别是和磷配合使用时更为明显.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align=right><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><A href="http://www.ssec-steel.com/book/#k4#k4"><FONT face=宋体><FONT color=#0000ff>&gt;&gt; <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??"><SPAN lang=EN-US>返回</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><A name=k6></A><FONT size=3><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">冶金术语</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??">&nbsp;1 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、烧结</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> sintering <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">粉末或压坯在低于主要组分熔点的温度下的热处理,目的在于通过颗粒间的冶金结合以提高其强度。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、填料</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> packingmaterial <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">在预烧或烧结过程中为了起分隔和保护作用而将压坯埋入其中的一种材料。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、预烧</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> presintering <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">在低于最终烧结温度的温度下对压坯的加热处理。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、加压烧结</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> pressure <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">在烧结同时施加单轴向压力的烧结工艺。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、松装烧结</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> loose-powdersintering,gravitysintering <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">粉末未经压制直接进行的烧结。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、液相烧结</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> liquid-phasesintering <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">至少具有两种组分的粉末或压坯在形成一种液相的状态下烧结。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、过烧</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> oversintering <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">烧结温度过高和(或)烧结时间过长致使产品最终性能恶化的烧结。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、欠烧</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> undersintering <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">烧结温度过低和(或)烧结时间过短致使产品未达到所需性能的烧结。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、熔渗</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> infiltration <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">用熔点比制品熔点低的金属或合金在熔融状态下充填未烧结的或烧结的制品内的孔隙的工艺方法。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、脱蜡</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> dewaxing,burn-off <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">用加热排出压坯中的有机添加剂(粘结剂或润滑剂)。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、网带炉</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> meshbeltfurnace <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">一般由马弗保护的网带将零件实现炉内连续输送的烧结炉。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、步进梁式炉</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> walking-beamfurnace <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">通过步进梁系统将放置于烧结盘中的零件在炉内进行传送的烧结炉。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、推杆式炉</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> pusherfurnace <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">将零件装入烧舟中,通过推进系统将零件在炉内进行传送的烧结炉。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、烧结颈形成</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> neckformation <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">烧结时在颗粒间形成颈状的联结。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、起泡</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> blistering <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">由于气体剧烈排出,在烧结件表面形成鼓泡的现象。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、发汗</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> sweating <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">压坯加热处理时液相渗出的现象。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、烧结壳</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> sinterskin <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">烧结时,烧结件上形成的一种表面层,其性能不同于产品内部。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、相对密度</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> relativedensity <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">多孔体的密度与无孔状态下同一成分材料的密度之比,以百分率表示。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、径向压溃密度</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> radialcrushingstrength <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">通过施加径向压力测定的烧结圆筒试样的破裂强度。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;20 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、孔隙度</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> porosity <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">多孔体中所有孔隙的体积与总体积之比。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;21 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、扩散孔隙</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> diffusionporosity <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">由于柯肯达尔效应导致的一种组元物质扩散到另一组元中形成的孔隙。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;22 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、孔径分布</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> poresizedistribution <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">材料中存在的各级孔径按数量或体积计算的百分率。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;23 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、表观硬度</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> apparenthardness <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">在规定条件下测定的烧结材料的硬度,它包括了孔隙的影响。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;24 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、实体硬度</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> solidhardness <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">在规定条件下测定的烧结材料的某一相或颗粒或某一区域的硬度,它排除了孔隙的影响。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;25 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、起泡压力</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> bubble-pointpressure <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">迫使气体通过液体浸渍的制品产生第一气泡所需的最小的压力。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;26 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">、流体透过性</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> fluidpermeability <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??">在规定条件下测定的在单位时间内液体或气体通过多孔体的数量。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: ??"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>

universe 发表于 2006-10-27 11:28:27

Re: 钢材分类及其有关基础知识

唉,怎么才学得完

lhchy225 发表于 2006-10-27 11:44:59

Re: 钢材分类及其有关基础知识

太好了

alion2008 发表于 2006-10-27 14:37:48

Re: 钢材分类及其有关基础知识

好,谢谢楼主

kv2006 发表于 2006-10-27 14:56:15

Re: 钢材分类及其有关基础知识

辛苦!
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