venus 发表于 2006-3-7 08:59:31

工程机械液压缸泄漏故障的诊断及维修

<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=1>本文发表在《工程机械》<SPAN lang=EN-US>2001No5<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT size=1>工程机械液压缸泄漏故障的诊断及维修<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.9pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>王福山</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在对履带式挖掘机故障调查统计分析中,我们发现液压系统泄漏故障占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20~30%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,而液压缸的泄漏又占其中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">33%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。因此液压缸的泄漏已成为工程机械液压系统的主要故障。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>液压缸的泄漏一般为内泄漏和外漏两种情况。内泄漏主要影响液压缸的技术性能,使之出现出力不足、运动速度缓慢和工作不平稳等现象。外漏将导致环境的污染和能源的浪费。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>一.液压缸泄漏原因</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>造成液压缸泄漏的因素主要有:密封件的结构形式与材质、密封槽与密封接触表面的质量、密封件磨损与安装、密封件工作环境、缓冲阀磨损、液压系统的污染及液压缸焊接缺陷等。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>⒈密封件的结构形式与材质</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>密封件的结构形式与材质的差异将直接影响液压缸的泄漏。如果密封材质太软,那么液压缸工作时,密封件极易挤入密封间隙而损伤,造成液压油的泄漏。如果密封材质太硬,即使在较大的外力作用下,密封件变形也较困难,显然它对密封面产生的初始接触应力和附加接触应力势必较低,从而加剧了液压缸的泄漏。如果密封材料与液压油不相容,密封件将产生溶涨、软化、溶解等现象,使密封件弹性降低丧失密封能力,造成液压油的泄漏。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>⒉密封槽与密封接触表面的质量</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>密封件安装在尺寸精度较低,表面粗糙度及形位公差较低的密封副内,将导致密封件的损伤,产生液压油的泄漏。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>⒊密封件磨损与安装</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>密封件具有较高的尺寸精度和形状位置精度。密封件的磨损和在密封件装配过程中造成的损伤,是液压缸泄漏的主要原因。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>⒋密封件工作环境</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>如果密封件工作在高温环境下,将加速密封件的老化,导致密封件的失效而泄漏。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>⒌液压缓冲阀磨损</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>对于阀缓冲液压缸,液压缓冲阀阀芯与阀座磨损是液压缸泄漏的主要原因。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>⒍液压系统的污染</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>如果液压系统受到污染,含有颗粒物的液压油作用在密封件运动表面上,产生研磨作用,导致密封件的失效产生泄漏。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>⒎因焊接不良产生的外漏</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>焊接连接在液压缸中采用较多,裂纹使焊接中经常出现的问题,也是液压缸产生外漏的原因之一。裂纹的产生主要是焊接工艺不当和承受变载荷疲劳所至。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>二.液压缸泄漏故障诊断方法</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">液压缸的外漏现象非常直观,而液压缸的内泄漏既看不见,也摸不到。尤其在工程机械上,液压缸的内泄漏与液压阀间有着相互牵连的关系,没有一定的经验和诊断技术是很难判断的。对于工程机械而言,液压系统的泄漏量一般采用液压缸或工作装置位移量指标。有关国家和行业标准对典型工程机械液压缸或工作装置因液压系统内泄漏引起的位移量作了具体规定如表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所示。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 0" align=center><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工程机械液压缸或工作装置因液压系统内泄漏引起的位移量</SPAN></FONT></P>
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<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 177.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=237>
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<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 95.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=127>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 0" align=center><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">工作装置(液压缸)位移量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></TD></TR>
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<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 115.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=154>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">JB/T1666-1997</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">《履带式推土机</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">型式试验方法》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">JB/SQ9.1-87</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">《履带式推土机</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">产品质量分等》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 177.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=237>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">初始油温</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">±<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="3" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>℃</st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">将推土铲提升到最大位置,发动机熄火</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">分钟后,测量推土铲铲尖初始离地高度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">h1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">,在经过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">分钟后,测量土铲铲尖初始离地高度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">h2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">计算沉降量:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">h1-h2<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 95.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=127>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">推土铲沉降量</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">≤<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="120" HasSpace="True" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>120</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> mm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">/15min<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 36.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=49>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 0" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=1>2<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 115.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=154>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">JB/T3698.2-1998</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">《轮胎式装载机技术条件》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 177.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=237>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">初始油温</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">±<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="3" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>℃</st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">铲斗后翻承额定载荷</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">提升液压缸使铲斗至最高位置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">发动机熄火后测量液压缸的位移量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 95.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=127>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">铲斗液压缸</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">≤<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="20" HasSpace="True" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> mm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">/h<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">动臂液压缸</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">≤<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="50" HasSpace="True" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>50</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> mm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">/h<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 36.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=49>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 0" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=1>3<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 115.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=154>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">GB/T9139.2-1996</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">《液压挖掘机技术条件》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 177.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=237>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">初始油温</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">±<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="3" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>℃</st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">铲斗装满物料(标准载荷)<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">反铲挖掘机动臂液压缸、铲斗液压缸全伸<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">正铲挖掘机铲斗放平,工作装置提升至最高位置<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">发动机熄火后测量液压缸的位移量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 95.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=127>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">动臂液压缸</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">≤</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="200" HasSpace="True" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">200 mm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">/h<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>在工程机械使用过程中,一旦发现工程机械液压缸或工作装置位移量超过规定值时,可断定是由于液压系统泄漏引起的故障。通过采用经验诊断法、相关分析法和试验方法,在不拆卸液压缸的前提下,对液压系统的泄漏故障进行诊断,进一步判断液压缸泄漏的可能性。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>⒈经验诊断法</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>诊断液压缸泄漏的经验方法可用“问、检”二字概括。具体来讲:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>“问”就是维修人员向操作人员询问故障机械的基本情况。主机有哪些异常现象;故障是突发的,还是渐发的;使用中是否有违章操作,液压系统维护保养情况;液压油是否更换过,等等。在获得这些信息后,可基本确定液压缸内泄漏可能性的大小。一般来讲,突发性故障,大多是因液压系统受到污染或意外载荷造成液压阀或密封件失效引起的;渐发性故障,则多数是因密封件磨损严重而出现的。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>“检”主要是维修人员亲自检查液压系统的工作情况。首先排除非泄漏性故障,然后检查液压油的变质和污染程度。最后维修人员操作液压换向阀,使液压缸运动到极限位置时,可观测液压系统工作压力,一旦工作压力达不到规定值,而通过调节安全阀压力仍不发生变化时,则是液压缸内泄造成的。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>⒉相关分析法</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">液压系统的内泄漏与液压元件有着相互牵连的关系,根据它们之间的相互关系可缩小故障诊断的范围。如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ZL60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">装载机出现铲掘无力、动作缓慢的故障现象时,其液压系统工作过程为:</SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.9pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:line id=_x0000_s1027 style="Z-INDEX: 2; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="173.25pt,7.8pt" from="147pt,7.8pt"><v:stroke endarrow="block"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1></FONT></v:stroke></v:line><v:line id=_x0000_s1031 style="Z-INDEX: 6; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="236.25pt,39pt" from="236.25pt,7.8pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1></FONT></v:line><v:line id=_x0000_s1030 style="Z-INDEX: 5; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="157.5pt,54.6pt" from="157.5pt,7.8pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1></FONT></v:line><v:line id=_x0000_s1029 style="Z-INDEX: 4; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="330.75pt,7.8pt" from="309.75pt,7.8pt"><v:stroke endarrow="block"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1></FONT></v:stroke></v:line><v:line id=_x0000_s1028 style="Z-INDEX: 3; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="252pt,7.8pt" from="231pt,7.8pt"><v:stroke endarrow="block"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1></FONT></v:stroke></v:line><v:line id=_x0000_s1026 style="Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="89.25pt,7.8pt" from="68.25pt,7.8pt"><v:stroke endarrow="block"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1></FONT></v:stroke></v:line><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">液压油箱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">液压齿轮泵</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">多路换向阀</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">铲斗液压缸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">工作装置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 255.4pt; mso-char-indent-count: 25.54"><v:line id=_x0000_s1033 style="Z-INDEX: 8; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="257.25pt,7.8pt" from="236.25pt,7.8pt"><v:stroke endarrow="block"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1></FONT></v:stroke></v:line><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">液压缸过载阀</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 180.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 18.05"><v:line id=_x0000_s1032 style="Z-INDEX: 7; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="178.5pt,7.8pt" from="157.5pt,7.8pt"><v:stroke endarrow="block"><FONT size=1></FONT></v:stroke></v:line><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">主安全阀</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">液压系统关联示意图</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>液压系统中每一个液压元件的内泄漏都可能是故障的原因。但是从工作装置液压系统中可知,动臂液压缸与铲斗液压缸有相互联系。那么我们可以操作一下动臂液压缸,如果也出现铲斗液压缸工作情况,则可以肯定内泄漏就是液压齿轮泵或多路换向阀;如果动臂液压缸工作正常,则可以说明内泄漏发生在铲斗液压缸和过载阀中。通过这种相关分析法,至少可以确定故障的大致范围,为下一步准确诊断提高了条件,节省故障诊断时间。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>⒊试验方法</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>首先,在未拆卸液压系统元件时,按试验操作规程将工程机械开机就位(如起重机打出支腿、垫平支腿);然后,操作换向阀使液压缸的活塞运行至试验位置,拆开液压缸回油腔管路,通过观察油口是否有液压油流出,可判断液压缸的泄漏情况。</FONT></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 43.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">⑴叠加有过载阀液压缸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">⑵叠加有平衡阀液压缸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">⑶叠加有双向液压锁液压缸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">液压缸原理示意图</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于叠加有过载阀液压缸,操作换向阀使被试液压缸的活塞运行至极限位置,当液压系统升压后,拆开液压缸回油腔管路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">ˊ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">油口,观察油口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">ˊ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有无液压油流出,如果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">ˊ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">油口有液压油流出,表明液压缸内泄。如果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">油口有液压油流出,则是过载阀泄漏。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于叠加有平衡阀液压缸,可操作换向阀使被试液压缸的活塞适当伸出,通过工作装置承载,使液压缸无杆腔产生压力,然后,操作换向阀至中位,拆开液压缸进出油口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">c</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">d</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,观察油口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">c</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">d</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的泄漏量。如果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">c</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">油口有液压油流出,表明液压缸内泄。如果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">d</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">油口有液压油流出,则平衡阀泄漏。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于叠加有双向液压锁液压缸,同样操作换向阀使被试液压缸的活塞适当伸出,通过工作装置承载,使液压缸无杆腔产生压力,然后,操作换向阀至中位,拆开液压缸进出油口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">e</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">f</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,观察油口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">e</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">f</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的泄漏量。如果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">e</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">油口有液压油流出,说明液压锁在无杆腔方向不闭锁;如果活塞杆受载回缩,油口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">e</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无液压油流出,而油口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">f</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有液压油流出,说明液压缸内泄,同时液压锁在有杆腔方向不闭锁;如果两油口均无液压油流出,说明双向液压锁工作正常,液压缸内泄。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三.液压缸拆检与维修方法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一旦液压缸出现泄漏故障,就必须拆卸液压缸,对液压缸泄漏原因进行检查。针对故障产生的原因应采取相应的维修方法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒈密封件的检查与维修</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">活塞密封是防止液压缸内泄的主要元件。对于唇形密封件应重点检查唇边有无伤痕和磨损情况,对于组合密封应重点检查密封面的磨损量,然后判定密封件的是否可使用。另外还需检查活塞与活塞杆间静密封圈有无挤伤情况。活塞杆密封应重点检查密封件和支撑环的磨损情况。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一旦发现密封件和导向支承环存在缺陷,应根据被修液压缸密封件的结构形式,选用相同结构形式和适宜材质的密封件进行更换,这样能最大限度地降低密封件与密封表面之间的油膜厚度,减少密封件的泄漏量。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒉缸筒检查与维修</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">液压缸缸筒内表面与活塞密封是引起液压缸内泄的主要因素,如果缸筒内产生纵向拉痕,即使更换新的活塞密封,也不能有效地解决故障,缸筒内表面主要检查尺寸公差和形位公差是否满足技术要求,有无纵向拉痕,并测量纵向拉痕地深度,以便采取相应地解决方法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>如果缸筒存在微量变形和浅状拉痕时,可采用强力珩磨工艺修复缸筒。强力珩磨工艺可修复比原公差超差<SPAN lang=EN-US>2.5</SPAN>倍以内的缸筒。它通过强力珩磨机对尺寸或形状误差超差的部位进行珩磨,使缸筒整体尺寸、形状公差和粗糙度满足技术要求。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>如果缸筒内表面磨损严重,存在较深纵向拉痕时,最好是按照实物进行测绘,由专业生产厂按缸筒制造工艺重新生产进行更换。也可采用热喷涂、流镀和粘接等表面修复技术修复缸筒。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>热喷涂缸筒内表面修复是将熔融状态下的喷涂材料,通过高速气流使其雾化喷射在缸筒表面上,形成喷涂层的一种金属表面处理方法。热喷涂后,通过强力珩磨机对缸筒进行珩磨,使其整体尺寸、形状公差和粗糙度满足技术要求。热喷涂缸筒表面修复有火焰喷涂、电弧喷涂、等离子喷涂和粉末爆炸喷涂等方法。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=1>流镀缸筒内表面修复是通过电—化学沉积获得规定厚度的镀层。流镀前通过强力珩磨机对缸筒进行珩磨,获得理想的整体尺寸和形状公差。流镀工艺是以液压缸体为镀槽,液压缸腔置阳极,液压缸内壁与阴极相连,且和阳极保证一定的均匀的间隙,通过直流电的作用,使镀液中金属离子在液压缸内壁上得到电子,还原成为金属原子,沉积在在液压缸内壁上,获得所需整体尺寸、形状公差和粗糙度满足技术要求的镀层。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粘接缸筒内表面修复是通过<SPAN lang=EN-US>TS311</SPAN>减磨修补剂修复缸筒。<SPAN lang=EN-US>TS311</SPAN>减磨修补剂是一种主要用于磨损、滑伤等金属零件的修复。修复过程中,首先用工业纯丙酮清洗缸筒内表面,清除干净表层油污。再用合金刮刀在滑伤表面剃出<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue="1" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1mm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>以上深度的沟槽,然后用丙酮清洗沟槽表面,用缸筒内径仿形板将调好的<SPAN lang=EN-US>TS311</SPAN>减磨修补剂敷涂于打磨好的表面上,用力刮平,确保压实,并高于缸筒内表面,待固化后,进行打磨留出精加工余量,最后通过研磨使缸筒整体尺寸、形状公差和粗糙度达到要求。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒊活塞杆、导向套的检查与维修</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">活塞杆与导向套间相对运动副是引起外漏的主要因素,如果活塞杆表面镀铬层因磨损而剥落或产生纵向拉痕时,将直接导致密封件的失效。因此,应重点检查活塞杆表面粗糙度和形位公差是否满足技术要求,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果活塞杆弯曲应按照实物进行测绘,依据活塞杆加工工艺,由专业生产厂进行制造。如果活塞杆表面镀层磨损、滑伤、局部剥落可采取磨去镀层,重新镀铬表面加工处理工艺。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">导向套应重点检查</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">导向套内表面与活塞杆相对运动表面,如果产生不均匀的磨损,不圆度在<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="mm" SourceValue=".3" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>0.3mm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>以上时,应按照实物进行测绘,由专业生产厂按导向套制造工艺进行生产,然后更换。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒋缓冲阀的检查与维修</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于阀缓冲液压缸,应重点检查缓冲阀阀芯与阀座磨损情况。一旦发现磨损量加大、密封失效时,最好</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是按照实物进行测绘,由专业生产厂按液压阀制造工艺重新生产进行更换。也可</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">运用磨料进行阀芯与阀座配磨方法进行修复。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参考文献</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑴张仁杰</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">. </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">液压缸设计制造与维修</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">. </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机械工业出版社</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,1989</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑵李思鼎</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">…</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工程机械液压系统内泄漏故障的诊断及预防</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">建筑机械</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,1998(3)<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑶蔡祖光</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">液压缸常用密封件的泄漏与预防</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">液压与气动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">.1998(3)<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑷胡岸法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">…</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">强力珩磨修复缸筒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工程机械</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 1999(10)<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
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shitou933 发表于 2006-6-28 23:14:25

Re: 工程机械液压缸泄漏故障的诊断及维修

谢谢楼主先!但没有图解啊,实在是一大遗憾!

ljl1187 发表于 2006-8-30 15:58:03

Re: 工程机械液压缸泄漏故障的诊断及维修

能发本电子书上来就好了

gcxyf 发表于 2006-9-3 14:38:49

Re: 工程机械液压缸泄漏故障的诊断及维修

大家太伟大了,我挺佩服我们搞机械的
我看到了我们国家的希望
各位大侠,努力啊

wsf_123456 发表于 2006-11-11 19:06:51

Re: 工程机械液压缸泄漏故障的诊断及维修

不错,支持.

cq777777 发表于 2008-9-25 13:46:22

密封难题攻关

2006年为报废的“大象”混凝土输送泵液压马达(20MPa)研制的密封至今在使用;为“大象”混凝土输送泵制造的两支主油缸(32MPa)仍在使用中。技术转让参见http://www.sljmf.com。
如进口密封件不能满足要求时不妨联系E-mail:cq777777@163.com。

zhenhua1978 发表于 2009-4-30 10:39:13

支持楼主的无私奉献
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